tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-307480842024-03-15T21:09:43.068-04:00The House History ManHouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.comBlogger162125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-48239499394751450602020-12-05T15:14:00.001-05:002020-12-05T15:14:57.858-05:00From Barber Shop to Shoe Shop to $1 Million House: 605 Constitution Ave NE<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibU_ZqfR0VCQ6FeLDHarGIHqOihc23HRODfDUCevI2U8udWl2AGSD0UzfBJSPOZjfQd4jR3Up_rgDnQrpFnFnj9hK4zIPdwqXfySHklMW7QrVeD_UZ35LPPyxgsNhYqqZiCXvYXA/s651/both.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="560" data-original-width="651" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibU_ZqfR0VCQ6FeLDHarGIHqOihc23HRODfDUCevI2U8udWl2AGSD0UzfBJSPOZjfQd4jR3Up_rgDnQrpFnFnj9hK4zIPdwqXfySHklMW7QrVeD_UZ35LPPyxgsNhYqqZiCXvYXA/s320/both.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">The owners of the vacant lots where 605 (right) and 607
(left) Constitution Avenue were to be constructed, Filippo Di Bella and Letterio
Ciatto, applied for and was granted an <i>Application for Permit to Build</i>
numbered 1385 for their construction on September 22, 1915.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They listed architect A. C. Spaulding as
responsible for their design, and themselves as builders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were both built at a cost of
$2,500.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di Bella had purchased lot 15 a
short time earlier, on September 14, 1915 for $3,700; he immediately sold the
eastern half to Ciatto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di Bella had
constructed 605 Constitution as a barber shop for his son-in-law.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>The building permit indicated that
the two buildings were to be constructed on solid land atop a foundation
composed of concrete.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They would initially
measure 29 feet wide by just 20 feet deep, but were later expanded when it was
converted into residential use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>External
brick walls were to be thirteen inches thick, the roof was to be composed of
tin, and they would be heated by stoves. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The original configuration featured a shared,
central opening between the buildings for access to the alley. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When built, the houses had the address of 605
and 607 B Street until the name was changed in the early 1950s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><!--[if !mso]>
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</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_cg0YOhZsZwxUq6NKAeGG2B0W8OVQPfogjO8QyZigoxMCzSznu9K3n4b6h10dsAAZYBkZR81a1BPUlBIsj6NUT6pwaUkw_c0IdPI7-r64HXNHYkxgRY3l5pPMSIpiGDK8b0BC4g/s1122/1500x1000.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1122" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_cg0YOhZsZwxUq6NKAeGG2B0W8OVQPfogjO8QyZigoxMCzSznu9K3n4b6h10dsAAZYBkZR81a1BPUlBIsj6NUT6pwaUkw_c0IdPI7-r64HXNHYkxgRY3l5pPMSIpiGDK8b0BC4g/w257-h229/1500x1000.jpg" width="257" /></a></div>Owner and builder Filippo Di Bella
constructed the building at 605 Constitution as a location for his son-in-law’s barber shop.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He himself indicated that he was a carpenter
and resided at 1931 8<sup>th</sup> Street, NW, according to the city
directory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>Fillipo Di Bella had been born in
Italy about 1868; his wife Frances was born there about 1877.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their daughter Louise had been born in
Argentina on August 4, 1898, and they immigrated to the United States in 1903,
according to the 1903 census when they resided at 1931 8<sup>th</sup> Street,
NW.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Di Bella indicated that he worked
for himself as a house carpenter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Daughter
Louise married Anthony Joseph Chirieleison who operated the barber shop out of
605 Constitution Avenue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been
born in Messina, Italy on June 7, 1895 and immigrated on June 8, 1903.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had a son named Joseph (born March 26,
1920) and a daughter named Jane (born December 28, 1922).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Anthony had entered the Army on May 3, 1917
shortly after his barber shop had opened; he was Honorably Discharged on March
6, 1919, according to his Military Naturalization paperwork seen here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The extended family resided at 1239 H Street,
NE when they were enumerated in the 1940 census, seen here.</p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1qz7WLVDCVpdgcFpQuHuuuuItX19rCr8sk6V-h99wZr8EFOeEKLKQ8WGZ0dX29RM5W4Ti10XQ8F29I5anr5iFzs7qW26V63yEPan4moQxEyIoV9q4f6QbN6gzxL-XoY27jVmMNg/s548/1940+census.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="138" data-original-width="548" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1qz7WLVDCVpdgcFpQuHuuuuItX19rCr8sk6V-h99wZr8EFOeEKLKQ8WGZ0dX29RM5W4Ti10XQ8F29I5anr5iFzs7qW26V63yEPan4moQxEyIoV9q4f6QbN6gzxL-XoY27jVmMNg/w399-h101/1940+census.jpg" width="399" /></a></div><p></p><table align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tbody><tr><td height="0" width="16"></td></tr><tr><td></td><td><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal">While
Anthony Chirieleison was away in the Army, the structure at 605 was rented to Goda
Norman, according to the 1917 City Directory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She neglected to list an occupation or business type.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1920, the structure was listed as vacant
in the Directory, which reflected information collected a year prior when
Chirieleison was still in the Army.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>607
housed a grocery store.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1925, the
storefront at 605 was rented to a shoemaker named Paul Stanton, who was again
listed there in 1930.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal">Filippo Di
Bella died on November 26, 1944.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His
widow Frances, under the Will of Filippo, sold 605 Constitution Avenue
on December 12, 1947 to Paul L. Mandolia, seen here in his shoe making and repair business that operated from the location (below). This rare photograph was included on their family tree, posted by his grandson Ray Campagnoli.<a href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had rented and run a shoe making shop at the address
as early as 1935, according to the City Directory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He and his wife Josephine resided close by at
614 Constitution Avenue.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVK5-K8qufVPIVcZDli1BzWXk3LGl0Wu6tcuSstvzlx7hhSyj3HrTSOK8SUgZHXNjf1XlWSnXOSDpKoxSvj7UT_k9ZERN2RO_exp6wk32y6eNNQxOZvGb83KhZf3fl4QnI6aaHIg/s672/mandolia+shoe+shop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="504" data-original-width="672" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVK5-K8qufVPIVcZDli1BzWXk3LGl0Wu6tcuSstvzlx7hhSyj3HrTSOK8SUgZHXNjf1XlWSnXOSDpKoxSvj7UT_k9ZERN2RO_exp6wk32y6eNNQxOZvGb83KhZf3fl4QnI6aaHIg/w647-h484/mandolia+shoe+shop.jpg" width="647" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-J6i-EFeslkumPd-hUbSXGFGx48aBfrkKeBwEabkORQADq7z_jlPvDA4l4LHTuZI9mfry4Yf4OOrcIlvzPDnDol5T2UVXy9zciit_sSRZe0J5myi_a0J_yUe1-NIgoknquSRoCw/s530/naturalization+papers.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="530" data-original-width="493" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-J6i-EFeslkumPd-hUbSXGFGx48aBfrkKeBwEabkORQADq7z_jlPvDA4l4LHTuZI9mfry4Yf4OOrcIlvzPDnDol5T2UVXy9zciit_sSRZe0J5myi_a0J_yUe1-NIgoknquSRoCw/w217-h233/naturalization+papers.jpg" width="217" /></a></div><br />Mendolia
had been born in Santa Ninfa, Italy on November 25, 1895, the son of Giuseppe
and Giovania Mendolia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He immigrated in
1911.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He too joined the military in 1918
and was a Naturalized citizen shortly thereafter (left).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1917 he married 16 year-old Josephine
Biondo (1901-1985), left, and they had daughters Genevieve Rose (1921-2018) and
Rose Margaret (1923-2018).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His wife had
been born on June 21, 1901 in Italy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He valued the house they owned at 614
Constitution<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>for $7,000 in the 1930
census, and indicated that they did not own a radio, one of the more unusual
questions asked of occupants that year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> One wonders what Paul would think if he learned that his shoe shop was listed for sale for $999,999 in 2020.
<br /></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh22vy3YkFhmOZSLfJatKEAmBlLdMhVOXrKIPMvu7HM7VfAcApn3GFrWxyrPkWExEVY3pi4hLEq-V3d_A2u_5qb3px_yNOMw5nkhvXh1A9k6mfwphMPfy3D40JcLMZmFTCxSlqNIw/s500/wife.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="497" data-original-width="500" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh22vy3YkFhmOZSLfJatKEAmBlLdMhVOXrKIPMvu7HM7VfAcApn3GFrWxyrPkWExEVY3pi4hLEq-V3d_A2u_5qb3px_yNOMw5nkhvXh1A9k6mfwphMPfy3D40JcLMZmFTCxSlqNIw/w208-h206/wife.jpg" width="208" /></a></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>Mendolia died in Washington,
DC in July of 1981 and Josephine died in August of 1985.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1960, the structure housed “Paul’s Shoe
Repair,” while also housing Antonio and Joseph Cichello as residents, according to the
Haines Directory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The 1994 Directory
lists Leo Demesaker as a resident. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">This continues our series on tiny houses, with previous entries on <a href="http://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2020/11/another-tiny-house-on-capitol-hill.html" target="_blank">233 12th Street, NE </a>and <a href="https://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2020/06/is-this-smallest-house-in-washington-dc.html" target="_blank">302 12th Street, SE</a>. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></p>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;"> Copyright Paul K. Williams<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Picture and information from Christine McDonald family tree on Ancestry.com.</p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></p>HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0605 Constitution Ave NE, Washington, DC 20002, USA38.8917908 -76.99800069999999210.581556963821157 -112.15425069999999 67.202024636178848 -41.841750699999992tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-81976073241953249172020-11-28T12:33:00.000-05:002020-11-28T12:33:04.974-05:00Another Tiny House on Capitol Hill<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbgTYQpp8ULAoGbmTCHSO5PiIlVI8yMO4vOUcS0c46UXjuqZ4q9sfklTwA4gPB-mvnj5hALSAUeRWzDXnFJpqQND4DuknbSy7_UQDFzYLrz-JoXg9B0RlHI_Bgett3GWGE8Tkmaw/s1008/7006cf36ca382d8dc67dca88b910baf0-uncropped_scaled_within_1344_1008.webp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1008" data-original-width="672" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbgTYQpp8ULAoGbmTCHSO5PiIlVI8yMO4vOUcS0c46UXjuqZ4q9sfklTwA4gPB-mvnj5hALSAUeRWzDXnFJpqQND4DuknbSy7_UQDFzYLrz-JoXg9B0RlHI_Bgett3GWGE8Tkmaw/w266-h400/7006cf36ca382d8dc67dca88b910baf0-uncropped_scaled_within_1344_1008.webp" width="266" /></a></div><br />Continuing our little house obsession<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>since writing about <a href="https://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2020/06/is-this-smallest-house-in-washington-dc.html" target="_blank">302 12<sup>th</sup>
Street, SE</a>, (160sf), we turn to the other 12<sup>th</sup> Street, this time in NE and this tiny gem
at 233.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was issued a building permit
on October 5, 1907.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It comes in at just
nine feet wide by thirty feet deep, or 252 square feet.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was built as a store at a cost of just
$300!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Edgar I. Booraem had obtained the building permit; he worked
as a clerk in the War Department and resided himself at 1008 O Street, NW.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been born on June 23, 1841 in South
River, New Jersey, meaning that he was age 66 when he built his real estate
investment.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He died in 1925 in
Washington, DC.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Morris Stein was listed as the tenant in 1914, who utilized
the building for his tailoring business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He rented a room close by at 508 C Street, NE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Copyright Paul K. Williams <br /></span></p>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-71213154151165880422020-06-25T17:00:00.003-04:002020-11-28T11:53:09.159-05:00Is This The Smallest House in Washington, DC?
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkZx9v_wS6t_iZjoA9L5Hkgz99fDp52ExCOK2-TpFOECE-h6jmu3DwT6AXM0gS3u5Kq28tWGqWavwgUagYMbg5LxW7KofFYD51RZzbRDJFJ-0UbGCD8j5FeSaF7uQd2_-pDFkc_Q/s960/house.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="714" height="625" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkZx9v_wS6t_iZjoA9L5Hkgz99fDp52ExCOK2-TpFOECE-h6jmu3DwT6AXM0gS3u5Kq28tWGqWavwgUagYMbg5LxW7KofFYD51RZzbRDJFJ-0UbGCD8j5FeSaF7uQd2_-pDFkc_Q/w466-h625/house.jpg" width="466" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">Have we stumbled onto the smallest house in Washington, DC?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Measuring just ten feet wide by sixteen feet
deep, and only one story in height, we certainly think so - it's a mere 160 square feet! <br /></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">The one room house on Capitol Hill, now an apartment under
renovation, is located at 302 12<sup>th</sup> Street, SE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At first glance, it appears connected to a
house next door, but it is an independent structure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Intrigued, I located the original building
permit that was issued to J. A. Clark in 1912 for a “coal office.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It provided the measurements and the cost to
construct – only $150!</p>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb2CkBmdoi8rTcKVWBug0SP_KmVGFvOpzbdzG1C3ToKdX_WGfKwfv-3PujUbpdKyuFo3Epz9H19ZEed-YRz49Kr6fM2k8KN5ZTvT5_ml0hq4GwNeTMZBqJ2BYdpAMAC4ddcNSTJw/s447/taco+city+DC.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="447" data-original-width="308" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb2CkBmdoi8rTcKVWBug0SP_KmVGFvOpzbdzG1C3ToKdX_WGfKwfv-3PujUbpdKyuFo3Epz9H19ZEed-YRz49Kr6fM2k8KN5ZTvT5_ml0hq4GwNeTMZBqJ2BYdpAMAC4ddcNSTJw/w141-h205/taco+city+DC.jpg" width="141" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal">Researching a bit further, the 1914 City Directory listed Bernard
A. McDonnell living in the adjacent house at 300 12<sup>th</sup> Street, a coal
merchant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It had been built in 1895 by
Richard Rothwell, who rented it out.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>McDonnell was new to the coal business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>In 1910, according to the census, he worked as a bartender in a saloon while
he rented 510 B Street, SE. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He lived
there with his second wife, Florence, whom he had married in 1903.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both of his parents had been born in Ireland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Earlier, he worked as a clerk, and according to the 1891
City Directory, he operated a restaurant at 1102 8<sup>th</sup> Street, SE.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It still exists today and was most recently
home to Taco City DC (left). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1899, he
was a bartender at 507 E Street, SW, a building since demolished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">McDonnell had been born on June 15, 1856 in Alexandria,
Virginia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He died in Washington DC on
May 10, 1924 at the age of 67 and was interred in Mount Olivet Cemetery in that
city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Copyright Paul K. Williams <br /></span></p>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
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<![endif]-->HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0302 12th St SE, Washington, DC 20003, USA38.8850559 -76.989980110.574822063821152 -112.1462301 67.195289736178836 -41.8337301tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-87112083361419541252020-05-09T15:51:00.000-04:002020-05-09T15:51:50.658-04:00The True Reformer Building at 1200 U "You" Street, NW
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKePVnXehjsvUOt1Z_F0hicK5oJ4bpUbNKR3QOnsqfCnU7PJv_yEDmn5qK-cfAp_xFxkbBLYPSyuhRvoLPwDY46nQntD3jh9zpzsa2DgamkD31ZCpzQZ-yPbijAwn8yGq5trqsXw/s1600/trb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="542" data-original-width="808" height="428" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKePVnXehjsvUOt1Z_F0hicK5oJ4bpUbNKR3QOnsqfCnU7PJv_yEDmn5qK-cfAp_xFxkbBLYPSyuhRvoLPwDY46nQntD3jh9zpzsa2DgamkD31ZCpzQZ-yPbijAwn8yGq5trqsXw/s640/trb.jpg" width="640" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Anyone walking along U Street can see the name True Reformer Building on the side of 1200 U Street, but few realize the significance of its history. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9k2yosgOZwTi95DTvXn5Ie_DEusA4uCFipB1Sn-ZHoVfn_O-L5ZREwZYb0VF_PE93vSeKTJ73LJBzQOj2PCZuPxK3WKRRBHXKyHavv4hGG2RfNiRZI30eewAIrkRNaUaNV_1m9g/s1600/2020-05-09_151227.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="831" data-original-width="587" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9k2yosgOZwTi95DTvXn5Ie_DEusA4uCFipB1Sn-ZHoVfn_O-L5ZREwZYb0VF_PE93vSeKTJ73LJBzQOj2PCZuPxK3WKRRBHXKyHavv4hGG2RfNiRZI30eewAIrkRNaUaNV_1m9g/s320/2020-05-09_151227.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
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As
a building designed by the first registered African-American architect in
Washington, D.C., one that was financed, built, and owned by the black
community as a testament to their abilities mere decades after the abolition of
slavery, and subsequently owned by benevolent organizations and prominent
blacks including John Whitelaw Lewis, the True Reformer building is indeed an
outstanding historical document in itself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>By 1902, the property holdings of
the Grand Fountain of the United Order of True Reformers were increased to
include a contract for the construction of the True Reformer building in
Washington, D.C., at “a cost of forty-five thousand nine hundred and fifty
dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The design of the building is
the work of a Negro architect, J.A. Lankford, and is a monument to Negro genius
and an ocular demonstration of the results of combination, concentration, and
co-operation” (Burrell, p. 293).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
organization owned a retail store in Washington
that opened in 1902, and had earlier owned a small lot at the corner of Vermont, I, and 12th Street, N.W.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_9_n9Lanf4-MmAMEmG1HUjFQvshyx4JVyyoS-_eVSRtRp0-MP07ab3P9CGjVB_utZCLXO31EIcjVnonNKpPrtMxUQZh3zeoMGMp5EXwJKLgAXnCvVcdFjggnkVa1b84lp8As9RQ/s1600/38445535_2c2ba8fa-6967-4922-93e3-fb12799d6ba3.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="509" data-original-width="346" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_9_n9Lanf4-MmAMEmG1HUjFQvshyx4JVyyoS-_eVSRtRp0-MP07ab3P9CGjVB_utZCLXO31EIcjVnonNKpPrtMxUQZh3zeoMGMp5EXwJKLgAXnCvVcdFjggnkVa1b84lp8As9RQ/s320/38445535_2c2ba8fa-6967-4922-93e3-fb12799d6ba3.png" width="217" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The True Reformer
Building was dedicated on
15 July, 1903.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Construction had begun just one year
previous.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington Bee</i> of 12
July 1902 reported that the architect’s drawings had been
“submitted to the Engineer’s Department of the District Government and have
been fully approved.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Reformer’s
Mercantile and Industrial Association, Inc., had secured the land in a 26 February 1902 deed
transaction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlstGFfSVsiPObTfGKg9oFytwZ0Kid_TGGQ8EBagNqq8tgeq7eA2Xn7X-pQEBXAkDN1D3Q-MUEm9xyPZ6vINgvJo6aET6RSsn-P-ieAHjpoMjcjOJz1nAmFzMxq1b42_7LryAlgg/s1600/2020-05-09_151526.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="969" height="264" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhlstGFfSVsiPObTfGKg9oFytwZ0Kid_TGGQ8EBagNqq8tgeq7eA2Xn7X-pQEBXAkDN1D3Q-MUEm9xyPZ6vINgvJo6aET6RSsn-P-ieAHjpoMjcjOJz1nAmFzMxq1b42_7LryAlgg/s320/2020-05-09_151526.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Architect John Anderson Lankford had
moved with his wife to Washington
in 1902, to supervise construction and complete designs for the building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He continued maintain offices close-by for
the remainder of his career, which spanned well into the 1940’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Lankford’s personal ties and utilization of
the building after it was completed are somewhat unusual, as he attended
concerts, held meetings, and even attended Law classes in the building
throughout his life in Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> I wrote a chapter on Lankford that was included in the book African American Architects: A Biographical Dictionary, 1865-1945 by Dreck Spurlock Wilson (2004). </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Lankford’s designs for the building
feature classical revival and Romanesque architectural features in a subtle
composition that is considered stately.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It clearly conveys a sense of monumentality for the black community for
which it was built, at the time Washington
itself was being revitalized as a result of the McMillan Commission
projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAf-9tLSB1c24HV23bcYIbejzjxK2D63kmNAI87Oj462DRELN6BUGus-oIxF7pebi2ousf0JJ7JdLkZ-QdDdODGitArVQBsYUmDeEkoOvWSd9kLNmU4ySOLJyLgGGQXJp5lAyltA/s1600/2020-05-09_151409.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="541" data-original-width="617" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAf-9tLSB1c24HV23bcYIbejzjxK2D63kmNAI87Oj462DRELN6BUGus-oIxF7pebi2ousf0JJ7JdLkZ-QdDdODGitArVQBsYUmDeEkoOvWSd9kLNmU4ySOLJyLgGGQXJp5lAyltA/s320/2020-05-09_151409.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Independent builders S.H. Bolling
and A.J. Everett joined together to form Bolling and Everett of Lynchburg,
Virginia for the construction of the True Reformer building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They later combined once again in 1907 for
the Negro Exposition Building
(designed by William Sidney Pittman) at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition
in Norfolk, Virginia.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>At the dedication Ceremony on 15
July 1903, Dr. W. L. Taylor of Richmond, Virginia, the National Grand Worthy
Master of the Grand Fountain of the United Order of True Reformers, offered a
brief history of the events leading up to the Washington DC building, and the
creative financing he had initiated to make it possible:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“I
was not willing to put any kind of a building in Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This was the capitol of the nation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The critics from all over the country center in Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Negro is the bone of contention, and there are many who say he is
indolent and only fit for a ‘hewer of wood and a drawer of water.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Therefore, I made up my mind, in keeping with
Mr. Browne’s request, God being my helper, to put up a building in Washington that would
reflect credit upon the Negro Race.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the meantime the Board voted forty thousand
dollars to put up a building in St.
Louis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
impossible to put up a building that would reflect the proper credit upon this
Negro national Organization for that money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We found a building on the corner of Pine street and Jefferson avenue which, at a small cost,
could be made to suit our purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
lowest price set on the building was thirty-five thousand dollars, and the
lowest figures anticipated by the owners was thirty thousand dollars, but we
succeeded in buying it for twenty-two thousand five hundred dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Take twenty-two thousand five hundred dollars
from forty thousand dollars; we had seventeen thousand five hundred dollars of
the money voted for St. Louis
to invest in property elsewhere.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLnJ2avMzLAmme_t3nLX09IZ2gTSk4gyXMEvRZSIzlZy4HPUn3eN-oCwbRNnKz4X00oNXmXEbHwIYm1fs7enEe9fg3Q_J2BGmZq_TT_eB0-VN-3VwlZQ9u2avN4ASTgRWj_eOqYw/s1600/027700pr.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="511" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLnJ2avMzLAmme_t3nLX09IZ2gTSk4gyXMEvRZSIzlZy4HPUn3eN-oCwbRNnKz4X00oNXmXEbHwIYm1fs7enEe9fg3Q_J2BGmZq_TT_eB0-VN-3VwlZQ9u2avN4ASTgRWj_eOqYw/s320/027700pr.jpg" width="255" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We
went on from St. Louis
to Louisville, Ky.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We soon located a place there that was valued at twelve thousand
dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We got it before we got through
for four thousand six hundred dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Take four thousand six hundred dollars from seventeen thousand five
hundred dollars, which leaves twelve thousand nine hundred dollars of the
amount that the Board donated to be spent in St. Louis. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>We went from that point to Cincinnati, Oh., and
selected a site that had been sold twelve months before for twelve thousand
dollars on Sixth street,
with a double car line running by the door.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The agent told us that he thought we could get it for nine thousand
dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I said ‘If you want to sell the
place at proper figures, I will buy it.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He became very anxious for me to make an offer, and I made an offer of
seven thousand dollars cash.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The owner
came over and signed the paper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I asked
for the deed, which I gave to a guarantee company to examine the title.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I sent Lawyer Robertson to put it on
record.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus, you see I got a building
in St. Louis, Mo., Louisville,
Ky., Cincinnati, Oh., and still had some of the
money left.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Now,
we came to Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We found that the seating capacity of a
possible building at Washington,
on the old site, would not exceed three hundred and fifty persons.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The agent offered us five thousand dollars
for the lot.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We had paid ten thousand
dollars for it, so we could not take that.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He said it was all that he could give, but he had a lot on U street that he
would sell for eight thousand five hundred dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I said ‘I will not do that.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But finally, we came to an agreement and made
an even exchange of the lots.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Then
we went to work to put up this building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>We called for bids, and the lowest was fifty-five thousand dollars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We threw them all out and called for other
bids.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This time we succeeded in getting
a Negro contractor in Lynchburg,
Va., to bid.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We wanted this building to put up as a credit
to the Negro Race.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So we found a Negro
architect in the person of J.A. Lankford.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He drew up the plans.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then we
found the Negro builders at Lynchburg,
Messrs. Bolling & Everett.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We said to the contractors, ‘If you cannot
get security in the Guarantee Company, give us a good bond elsewhere and we
will accept it.’<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They found a Negro, Mr.
A. Humbles, who came to their rescue and gave us a certified check for twenty
thousand dollars, to hold until the building was completed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>So we completed the job without a hitch.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The building was completed and turned over to
us July 1st.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Burrell, p. 319-322).</span></div>
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The event was indeed of great pride
and celebration in the black community at the time, and evidently lead to
additional commissions for Lankford, as he was to later design a residence for
Dr. Taylor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Another speaker at the
dedication, W.S. Woodson offered an emotional insight into the current plight
of the race when he proclaimed:<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“How
shines the light of True Reformerism through the darkness; how it burns its
fire upon the alter of Race development; how does it satisfy and help those who
are struggling upward through the gloom of a most unreasonable and unwarranted
prejudice.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Burrell, p. 322).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Several writings and discussion of
the time reflect the attitudes of the black race during this age of electricity
and industrial revolution, when most could still remember the injustices of
slavery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Washington at the turn of the century had
one of the largest black communities that resulted in sizable achievements and
opportunities not available elsewhere to minorities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the opening dedication ceremony, Dr.
Taylor replied, in an optimistic statement:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“The
starry flag has become a fixed constellation o’er the Asiatic seas, but better
than all, we have learned to love our native land.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gone, we trust, are the days of strife,
bitterness and doubt within the enclosure of this Organization, and welcome the
days of peace, of confidence and of lasting brotherhood.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We come to you in the early dawn of the
twentieth century-a century of wonderful development, a century of great
achievement in both private and public affairs, an age in which science and
invention reign supreme, an electrical age.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Old Empires have passed away, and nations with them gone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kings and czars have been born, have ruled,
and have been forgotten.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Boundaries of
nations have been changed, thrones have fallen and old dynasties have been
destroyed, yet man remains and asserts his power.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Burrell, p. 232).<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Speaking at the National Negro
Business League convention in 1906, architect Lankford offered what
contributions blacks had made to the physical development of Washington, and what role the True Reformer
building played:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“In
the past three years, I have designed for Washington and fifteen states of the Union, nearly six million dollars worth of
buildings.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have designed, overhauled,
and built in Washington
and vicinity over seven hundred thousand dollars worth of property during the
same time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I had the pleasant pleasure
of designing and supervising the construction of the one hundred thousand
dollar office, lodge, and store room building for the True Reformers...and
being in Washington,
it stands out to the civilized world as a sample or example of what the Negro
can do and has done with his brain, skill, and money.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The building was designed, built, paid for in
cash, is occupied and controlled by Negroes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It has done more to give new life to the Negro architects and builders
and lift the standard of work of this kind and character in Washington and in fact, throughout the
country than any other one thing we know of.” (Landmark Application, as cited
from Etheridge, Harrison, p. 12-13). </span></div>
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In October of 1903, Mr. W. R.
Griffin received a promotion working for the True Reformers in West Virginia, Ohio, and Chicago, and came to Washington, as the Chief
of the local Division.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He organized ten
Fountains and two Rosebuds chapters in the District, making a total oversight
of 51 Fountains and 14 Rosebuds from the True Reformer building on U Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition, he served as the general manager
of the True Reformer store in the District, before later being appointed as a
notary public for the District by President Roosevelt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Upon completion, the building was
used by a host of community organization, musical groups, and societies for
events and celebrations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A well
established local music school known as the Washington Conservancy was
established in the True Reformer Hall in 1903 by Oberlin trained pianist
Harriet Marshall Gibbs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1904, it
moved its headquarters to 902 T
Street (still standing) and had long associations
with Ellington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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In 1905, the True Reformer building
housed the newly formed D.C. branch of the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>National Negro Business League, founded by Booker T. Washington in 1900
to encourage the advancement of black businesses.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Called the Colored Men’s Business League in
DC, the organization boasted 100 members only four months after incorporating,
despite long standing conflicts and opposition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Interestingly,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John A. Lankford
was the chapter founder and it’s first President in 1905, and they met and
utilized their space in the very building he designed.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This trend would repeat itself as Lankford
was known to attend Law classes in the building in 1917.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“In 1913 the Magnolia Dancing Class
met Wednesday and Saturday nights in the hall, with music supplied by Carroll’s
Columbia Orchestra and the Yale Orchestra, admission fifteen cents” (Tucker,
pg. 50).</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Following the bankruptcy declaration
of the United Order of True Reformers sometime in the early 1910s, the building
was eventually sold at auction and deed transferred on 2 May 1914 to John
Whitelaw Lewis, President and founder of the Industrial Savings Bank at 11th
and U Streets, N.W.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Through a series of
transactions over the next few years, Lewis deeded the property on 4 January
1915 to the Laborers and Mechanics Realty Company, which he was a trustee.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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John Whitelaw Lewis, a hod carrier
who came to Washington
in 1894 with Coxey’s Army of the Unemployed, eventually became one of the
District’s most successful black businessmen.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For African Americans at the time, it was extremely difficult to learn a
craft, but developer Harry Wardman gave Lewis the opportunity to learn to be a
bricklayer, and he used this skill to build his personal fortune.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At the time of his ownership of the True Reformer
Building, Lewis was
President of Industrial Savings Bank which he had founded in 1913.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The bank continues to operate at the corner
of 11th and U Streets, where it’s headquarters building was built in 1917.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1919, Lewis had opened the Whitelaw Hotel,
located at 1839 13th Street,
and hired Isaiah T. Hatton, a Washington
educated black architect to design the restrained, neoclassical structure, also
built entirely by black craftsman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Hattan had previously designed his Industrial Bank building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Through a series of transactions,
the property was deeded from John Whitelaw Lewis and the Laborers and Mechanics
Realty Company to the Trustees of the Knights of Pythias of North America,
South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia, Jurisdiction of the
District of Columbia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In January of
1917, they renamed the building Pythian Hall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was also affectionately known as the Pythian Temple (Washington Bee,
27 January, 1917), but to this day retains its first name designation, the True Reformer
Building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They continued to offer spaces in the
building for a myriad of community groups, musicians, and organization to meet,
host receptions, and special events. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1916, a social group called ‘The
Happy Four L.M. Club’ sponsored entertainment in Room 5 of the hall,
advertising ‘Good Music’ for a charge of fifteen cents (Tucker, pg. 50).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Hall was advertised as the “best equipped
public hall owned by colored people in the country,”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Tucker, advertisement unknown).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>An elegant and very formal affair took place
on February 23, 1917
at the hall entitled the “Masque L’Allegro Frolik” that included “serpentine
waltzes, confetti showers, characteristiques, etc., danced to the strains of
divine music under the direction of the unexcelled Louis M. Brown.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was staged in the main auditorium and
featured an orchestra of ten to twelve players.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>At the same event, a solo dancer interpreted ‘Poor Butterfly,’ and the
Orphean Quartette sang Ethelbert Nevin’s ‘The Rosary” (Tucker, pg. 50).</span></div>
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One
of the most famous performers in the Hall was local musician Duke
Ellington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“Ellington and others always
referred to it as True Reformers’ Hall,” despite the fact it had been bought
early in 1917 by the Knights of Pythians and officially renamed Pythian Hall,
or better known as the Pythian Temple (Tucker, page 50).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ellington’s first job at the hall was a non-auspicious
occasion, assembling a group of three or four musicians in Room 5 or 10, two
rooms he mentions in his autobiography entitled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Music is My Mistress</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Members of his family had moved a block away to 1212 T Street, N.W. in 1919 or 1920, and
it is well known that Ellington frequented the house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His own was on Sherman Ave., N.W.<br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1916, Ellington filled in for Doc
Perry at the Stenographers weekly afternoon meetings (Wednesdays from 4 to 8 p.m.) which featured matinee dances at the True
Reformer’s Hall<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Washington Bee, 19
February 1916).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>And on 25 November of
1916, an advertisement in the Washington Bee newspaper features a musical
notice for the “Happy Four LM Club” at the True Reformers Hall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>While attending Dunbar High School
from 1914 to 1918, Washingtonian Roy Ellis belonged to a social club called
“The Rockaways,” comprised of a half dozen friends who promoted parties and
dances.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ellis remembers Ellington
bringing along only a drummer or a banjo player when the club would hire him
for events in the hall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1917,
Ellington was not yet well enough established to offer musicians regular work,
so he drew from a pool of friends as work permitted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of these men included three Miller
brothers; Bill (guitar), Felix (saxophone), and ‘Devil’ or ‘Brother’ (drums),
William Escoffery (guitar), and Lloyd Stewart (drums).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later, Otto Hardwick (bass fiddle), and
Arthur Whetsol (trumpet or cornet) joined the bands that Ellington had coined
“The Duke’s Serenades,” a name he would continue to use after leaving Washington in the 1920.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>For at least the years 1917 and
1918, the basement was rented to the First Separate Battalion as an armory and
drill room, a black branch of the District of Columbia National Guard<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>until the new armory was built after WWI.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The segregated black troops who drilled in
the basement armory volunteered to go to the Arizona boarder in 1916 during the
Mexican-American crises, and to Europe in 1917
for World War One participation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>(Conversation with Col. West Hamilton, 10 January 1978, Washington,
D.C., as part of the HABS/HAER Collection #DC 234, Library of Congress).</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Frelinghuysen University,
a Washington D.C. school for the self advancement of
working class African-Americans, held classes in homes and businesses located
throughout the city before purchasing 1800
Vermont Avenue, N.W., in 1921 (A house the author once owned and renovated).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also held classes in the True Reformer
Building, as evident in
an advertisement placed in the November
15, 1919 edition of the <u>Washington Bee</u>: </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">FRELINGHUYSEN</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">
UNIVERSITY</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The sessions of the college
of liberal Arts, the
Academy, the Commercial
College and the School of Theology...will be held at Lincoln Temple, Eleventh and R Streets,
northwest, Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays, from 7 to 9:30 p.m.,
until further notice.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The sessions of the John M.
Langston School
of Law will be held at the offices of Prof. Zeph P. Moore, Pythian Building,
Twelfth and U Streets, northwest, every Tuesday, Thursday and Saturday evening,
at 7 o'clock...</b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The school of Pharmacy and the School of useful Arts will be held
at the apartment of Dr. and Mrs. W.H. Jackson, Cameron Apartment House, Vermont
Avenue at T Street, northwest, every evening...</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The School of Fine Arts, Department of Photography, will be held
at the studio of Daniel Freeman, 1833 Fourteenth Street, northwest, everyday.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The College
of Embalming and Sanitary
Sciences will be held at the establishment of </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="border: none; margin-left: 9.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .75pt; mso-padding-alt: 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt 1.0pt; padding: 0in; text-indent: -9.0pt;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dr. Robert G. McGuire, 935
Florida Avenue. </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Enter Now.</span></div>
</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It is interesting to note that
architect John A. Lankford indicated the he had received two Law degrees from Frelinghuysen University, and actually attended
classes within the very building he had designed 20 years previously.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>From the University’s Decennial Catalogue, he
is listed in the John
M. Langston
School of Law classes for
the years 1917, 1918, and 1919, and for the year 1921, he was listed as a post
graduate for LL.M. with the Indiana
and D.C. Bars.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The 1918 City Directory lists Banks
and Burnell, drugs, Armory, DC National Guard, and True Reformer Hall as
occupants of 1200 U Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhole9B0SvKF0EM5ou2IhCeE1BZ_2QuvoYSlRptOoIYrvElUyyOJZLC8I8ARxrT8roAP8HWzc9_N2zCFMbCj2dZqMMZRRx9k1TREBpLax-QrZ34L7BqDrkRmA2c_Zc21sT0NjboOg/s1600/True_Reformer_Hall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="556" data-original-width="427" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhole9B0SvKF0EM5ou2IhCeE1BZ_2QuvoYSlRptOoIYrvElUyyOJZLC8I8ARxrT8roAP8HWzc9_N2zCFMbCj2dZqMMZRRx9k1TREBpLax-QrZ34L7BqDrkRmA2c_Zc21sT0NjboOg/s320/True_Reformer_Hall.jpg" width="245" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The True Reformer building was
deeded to the National Savings Bank and Trust Co., following the default of a
trust, on 1 May 1934.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was eventually sold to the Boys Club of
the Metropolitan Police of the District
of Columbia on 4 January 1938.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt dedicated the new use of the building
before a crowd estimated at well more than<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>2,000, and within a month of the opening, the club’s membership stood at
1,600.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two months later, it swelled to
over 4,100, and was thus the largest of the city’s four clubs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
Boy’s Club of the Metropolitan Police had been established in 1934 to combat
juvenile delinquency and provide supervised activities for segregated Washington’s black
children at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It first leased
the True Reformer Building
in 1937, and had John Lankford supervise the extensive interior renovation
necessary for the building’s new use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The $17,000 project provided a gymnasium, locker room, library, music
room, and game room.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Following tradition, the building
was witnessing a continuation of uses by various organizations and societies in
the community.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1951, a fashion show
at the Turner Arena was presented by the XI Omega of Alpha Kappa Alpha entitled
“Fashion Novelty.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A brochure for the
event featured an advertisement for “Chapman Tailoring and Designing School,
at 1200 YOU Street, No. 4978, Philip Chapman, director.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Historical Society Washington, DC
Collection, U Street
vertical file)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1957, the District Commissioners
banned Police participation in fundraising after court cases and demonstrations
challenged the Boy’s Club policy of racial segregation in its branches and
summer camps around Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>As a result, the Boy’s club in the True
Reformer building closed following difficulty in fundraising without the Police
Department leadership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>On 19 November 1959, the Boys
Club of the Metropolitan Police sold the building to Gary H. Lebbin, et ux, et
al who shortly thereafter opened the first distribution center for Duran Paints
in the District.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1947, the ground floor display
windows and front entrance were altered along the U Street facade to meet fire code.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The columnar and arched entry portico was
modified, and encapsulated in a cast stone facade.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipFEpGHYQUx36MdUnJDo7TgE8nWBtCH_pD_xFM63GLiz3YcfHaIMKbsIUvKX7mCshR8pUxrFbYlSkm25bGmW40Bq94ud7kQOGC69MKfmCZyTsoMvLpt0vhHHmsLDYFD3_hiUMnmQ/s1600/2020-05-09_151806.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="723" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEipFEpGHYQUx36MdUnJDo7TgE8nWBtCH_pD_xFM63GLiz3YcfHaIMKbsIUvKX7mCshR8pUxrFbYlSkm25bGmW40Bq94ud7kQOGC69MKfmCZyTsoMvLpt0vhHHmsLDYFD3_hiUMnmQ/s320/2020-05-09_151806.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The DC Landmark and the National
Register of Historic Places Nomination application was heard before the
Historic Preservation Review Board on September 16, 1987.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was sponsored by the LeDroit Park Preservation Society (Theresa
Brown) and the Evans Tibbs Collection (Thurlow E Tibbs, Jr.).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mr. Tibbs lived close by at 1910 Vermont
Avenue, and his grandfather was on the building committee during the design and
construction phase of the building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At
the time, Gary H. Lebbin, et ux, et al, still owned the building.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiygp_YVvNpH-pv67Y7C0vV4Q7wSu5GzWZAnoUlvDtNcVGy_apL89qhZd2eOayOLe55HhEYwhXK55Bm3Wy9_2JzuKUOfX03A2dUz9M5oS2p5FSD2H7xEQVGNd-nI3juLfRaj6yAng/s1600/hdrPhoto_OurHistory.sflb_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="370" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiygp_YVvNpH-pv67Y7C0vV4Q7wSu5GzWZAnoUlvDtNcVGy_apL89qhZd2eOayOLe55HhEYwhXK55Bm3Wy9_2JzuKUOfX03A2dUz9M5oS2p5FSD2H7xEQVGNd-nI3juLfRaj6yAng/s320/hdrPhoto_OurHistory.sflb_.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;">The
abandoned building was photographed by the author (above) about 1992, when it was for
sale and was eventually renovated by the Public Welfare Foundation after
several attempts by former owners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Duran
Paints was the ground floor tenant for decades, while the upper floors and auditorium
were vacant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1993, Metro ridership
for the U Street/Cardozo station averaged just 2,800 passengers <u>per day</u>!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The station opened on May 11, 1991. G. Byron
Peck's mural to Duke Ellington on the side of the building that used to
overlook the U Street Metro station was completed in 1997.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Copyright Paul K. Williams</span></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"></span></span></span></span></div>
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William Patrick.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><u>Twenty Five Years
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<u><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">Decennial
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1900-Present.</u><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Dissertation,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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1979.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Prints and Photographic
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span></span></span></span> </span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> By APK
PRAISE JEEBUS - I created this work entirely by myself., CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18168836</div>
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]-->HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01200 U St NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA38.9167416 -77.028368538.9163556 -77.028999 38.9171276 -77.027738tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-68660725233443941632020-05-06T16:18:00.001-04:002020-05-06T16:18:35.968-04:00Updated Blog Entry Map!Want to browse your neighborhood and see if any of our hundreds of blog entry subjects are located near you? Now you can with our updated <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=1h6Yfy1_Ik_8TFYkoIpwFtdRpED4&msa=0&hl=en&ie=UTF8&ll=38.91326879027774%2C-77.05792199487303&spn=0.013618%2C0.024253&t=m&source=embed&z=13" target="_blank">Blog Entry Map!</a><br />
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HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-5699409683569108512020-04-30T11:34:00.001-04:002020-04-30T11:36:00.235-04:00The African-American Mo-So-Lit Club in Washington, DC<!--[if !mso]>
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Continuing the fascinating history of <a href="https://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2020/04/hidden-history-famous-photographer-who.html" target="_blank">1327 R Street that we posted yesterday</a>, in 1925 the house was sold to an
organization called the Mu-So-Lit Club, who used it as a meeting house until
1961.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A steward of the Club named
Charles Elzey resided in the house that year, according to the City
Directory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7nuj0jlWJ3jpYpPkp-Z5A7HAJmbfmYJKBeDP8qctO5nGE-RzH6jy04UTMvGi0Ju8wCBgbNV-1CpVdLDDiwAjQzA7N_ON9qgxMI6rYKlxqNxR-VJG1ABwR2qZypH92SdF92RU3KQ/s1600/1932+Oct+3+Mo+So+Lit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="535" height="195" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7nuj0jlWJ3jpYpPkp-Z5A7HAJmbfmYJKBeDP8qctO5nGE-RzH6jy04UTMvGi0Ju8wCBgbNV-1CpVdLDDiwAjQzA7N_ON9qgxMI6rYKlxqNxR-VJG1ABwR2qZypH92SdF92RU3KQ/s200/1932+Oct+3+Mo+So+Lit.jpg" width="200" /></a>The
Mu-So-Lit Club was organized by representatives of the educated class of blacks
in Washington, D.C. in 1905. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of its
members were Kelly Miller, George William Cook, F. Morris Murray, G. Smith
Wormley, Thomas H. R. Clarke, Robert H. Terrell, James A. Cobb and A. Mercer
Daniel. The club's first president was Francis F. Cardoza, of which Cardoza
High School is named.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp5xfqlmw7ztBQXaeemiWzqOueV_Ibwus1Z6mna9c541NAl5kLJ1xRvFN5HydszLMLElf7aEO4kP9sK7HU407mykyXlcZrqAnVLLBYDDyaTDRiqpiXSSdd-XmYMgqL3N8em6VEZA/s1600/1940+Feb+15+Mo+So+Lit+Mention.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="656" data-original-width="496" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp5xfqlmw7ztBQXaeemiWzqOueV_Ibwus1Z6mna9c541NAl5kLJ1xRvFN5HydszLMLElf7aEO4kP9sK7HU407mykyXlcZrqAnVLLBYDDyaTDRiqpiXSSdd-XmYMgqL3N8em6VEZA/s320/1940+Feb+15+Mo+So+Lit+Mention.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDEeD5ljv0nl_igxiadH7cHIoSoY8DboRFJ9oeuMIJjDc7UQLQl5mwhwcQE1XANogEv_cmNNai9JzgvwwOgNceQn-74P8oocnREF93588IkJ3zJZ0q7rQXhBMDjimMQRjwSaZjXA/s1600/1950+feb+18+Mo+So+Lit+Club.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="505" height="96" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDEeD5ljv0nl_igxiadH7cHIoSoY8DboRFJ9oeuMIJjDc7UQLQl5mwhwcQE1XANogEv_cmNNai9JzgvwwOgNceQn-74P8oocnREF93588IkJ3zJZ0q7rQXhBMDjimMQRjwSaZjXA/s200/1950+feb+18+Mo+So+Lit+Club.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Very
little remains of the history and operations of the club and its
activities.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The archives at UMass
Amherst contains a letter the Mu-So-Lit Club to W. E. B. Du Bois (William
Edward Burghardt), written in 1930 from 1327 R Street signed by Carrie
W. Clifford (1862-1934) informing him that he will soon receive a formal
invitation to attend the next meeting of the Mu-So-Lit Club.</div>
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A
1945 rooster of the 12<sup>th</sup> Special Boxcar Battalion published on
January 7, 1945 documenting the World War II activities of the military unit on
Peary, Hueneme, and Banika in the South Pacific listed Isaac Sherman Taylor as
an occupant of the house, likely a steward of the Mo-So-Lit Club.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The
club was mentioned in the October 3, 1932 Washington Star, above left, in the February 5, 1940 Washington Star,
above center, and the February 18, 1950 Washington Post, above right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5klKPbh0gmZXfcD3B70MatnA6mq3TY2n6WFX4YCGZyj9BiQvEp2_hpA27-WzIhZP8G8rxJEjC5nQ0q2-lUIfJhJvi6jPZRn48xDvGpTGdKznRZg4gpZj3OR9jwGCVug3_AchA_g/s1600/Mo-So-Lit+1940.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="117" data-original-width="150" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5klKPbh0gmZXfcD3B70MatnA6mq3TY2n6WFX4YCGZyj9BiQvEp2_hpA27-WzIhZP8G8rxJEjC5nQ0q2-lUIfJhJvi6jPZRn48xDvGpTGdKznRZg4gpZj3OR9jwGCVug3_AchA_g/s320/Mo-So-Lit+1940.bmp" width="320" /></a><span lang="EN" style="mso-ansi-language: EN;">Several images of activities of the club were captured by noted local
photographer Adison Scurlock, and are housed at the National Museum of American
History.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Seen below are </span>images of the Mu So
Lit Club Lincoln-Douglas Dinner held in 1940.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoaPSKqd70k-ulhrOrNK0as6XATrQ3UCLMtT-pKCShJsAqH0nUSIbH4dUQIU2u2KMTwnKfLw-8nr8OponnGpO7PCoDl2H91VUfjtzIWTkfUvuQfjPi-mOk5FJSt-pqBny96SPGQ/s1600/mo+1940.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="116" data-original-width="150" height="247" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXoaPSKqd70k-ulhrOrNK0as6XATrQ3UCLMtT-pKCShJsAqH0nUSIbH4dUQIU2u2KMTwnKfLw-8nr8OponnGpO7PCoDl2H91VUfjtzIWTkfUvuQfjPi-mOk5FJSt-pqBny96SPGQ/s320/mo+1940.bmp" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">On September 25, 1961, the Mo-So-Lit Club sold
the house to the trustees of the Alpha Sigma Chapter of Phi Beta Sigma
Fraternity, who would continue to own it until 2019. </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Copyright Paul K. Williams </span></div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01327 R St NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA38.9128211 -77.030876338.9126281 -77.0311913 38.913014100000005 -77.0305613tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-20426971395430281622020-04-29T17:16:00.003-04:002020-04-29T17:30:12.889-04:00Hidden History: The Famous Photographer who Built 1327 R Street NW <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqhQCmdCwcX1UrD_rjD_3B1nV5ilar-uCqU3-WLRjngMxx0YXDwKjcM_bfBCoBQQCLLmNmJl_dqje9pzb1Vb_MQwCSrJgJApgCR6Eg6njXDT0WDn8zHMVMc91rUEruiIcHTGeQOw/s1600/exterior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="729" data-original-width="395" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqhQCmdCwcX1UrD_rjD_3B1nV5ilar-uCqU3-WLRjngMxx0YXDwKjcM_bfBCoBQQCLLmNmJl_dqje9pzb1Vb_MQwCSrJgJApgCR6Eg6njXDT0WDn8zHMVMc91rUEruiIcHTGeQOw/s320/exterior.jpg" width="173" /></a></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">The house
at 1327 R Street, NW has an interesting history that we recently uncovered: it was built by and home to a notable photographer George Prince and was later the location of the African American Mo-So-Lit Club. This post will focus on Prince (get it?), and one tomorrow will develop the the latter (get it?). </span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">It was built immediately after the issuance of building permit
number 2249 which was issued by the city on June 14, 1888.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Photographer George Prince hired well known
architect Thomas Franklin Schneider to design the residence, which was built at
a cost of $12,000, a substantial sum for the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI84DGZA3V-eGqWRP46o-N6Hu1T8kmWJ7pvt7Kz1AD3a4JtJTwKwAhlxL0qV8rAiW6jtyFhHTLmJg0ig39Hz52BW7_1bpYobem5NS_KGhXPkfmoWH4tWfpZ8-9hcN98vlDMapEJg/s1600/1900+census.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="187" data-original-width="820" height="72" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI84DGZA3V-eGqWRP46o-N6Hu1T8kmWJ7pvt7Kz1AD3a4JtJTwKwAhlxL0qV8rAiW6jtyFhHTLmJg0ig39Hz52BW7_1bpYobem5NS_KGhXPkfmoWH4tWfpZ8-9hcN98vlDMapEJg/s320/1900+census.png" width="320" /></a><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">George Prince and his family moved into 1327 R Street after it was
completed, likely in the late fall of 1888.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He </span>had been born in Washington, DC in March of 1846, according to the 1900
census (above).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He married Mary Ann
McCormick on January 20, 1871 in this city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Together, they had six children that included John A. (b. 1872), George
Loren (b. 1876), Arthur Clare (1879-1950), Maria (b. 1880), Ethel Veronica
(1881-1953), and Leslie Edgar Francis (b. 1886). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7j8OlSbq-rLzsI8H8MYigOlA8o15xEXV7TT0Dvgz5FDgQsY1iiXPAkF7e1VqhBDZazDaogYA9ktQIF22nKGZocpJNV_KlEse3M-ae9HqMEutf4ok4swxm5-_J8tW6cB6Uc4O5sg/s1600/36082v.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1024" data-original-width="754" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7j8OlSbq-rLzsI8H8MYigOlA8o15xEXV7TT0Dvgz5FDgQsY1iiXPAkF7e1VqhBDZazDaogYA9ktQIF22nKGZocpJNV_KlEse3M-ae9HqMEutf4ok4swxm5-_J8tW6cB6Uc4O5sg/s320/36082v.jpg" width="235" /></a></div>
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George
Prince was one several prominent photographers in Washington, DC, and according
to the 1891 City Directory, maintained a studio at 403 11<sup>th</sup> Street,
NW. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>More than twenty of his photographs
are archived at the Library of Congress, including his images of the McKinley inauguration
in 1899, and the 1912 inauguration of President Roosevelt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He signed his portrait photographs as “George
Prince, fotographer.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His portrait of
President Roosevelt taken in 1900 appears at right.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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One of Prince’s competitor’s in the portrait
photography business in Washington, DC was none other than noted Civil War
photographer Mathew Brady.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While his
thousands of images from the conflict are famous today, in the 1880s and 1890s,
they were virtually worthless and not yet part of the federal government’s
collection. </div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGXFnmN_Flux0CDJ0ozrB8So1XPSu_yJvpiyXtyOvRjVoILI-Q_WTdA_IwRi6_qbzYyPxkmNCbwq7d6aMEV-RQ9FrvwVi2-vkKdnBoFwh6MqgptK5wDh8oPpj2L64t_x3JrGFzoA/s1600/1891+April+12+WP+Fight+with+Brady%2521.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="662" data-original-width="332" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGXFnmN_Flux0CDJ0ozrB8So1XPSu_yJvpiyXtyOvRjVoILI-Q_WTdA_IwRi6_qbzYyPxkmNCbwq7d6aMEV-RQ9FrvwVi2-vkKdnBoFwh6MqgptK5wDh8oPpj2L64t_x3JrGFzoA/s640/1891+April+12+WP+Fight+with+Brady%2521.jpg" width="320" /></a>Meanwhile,
Brady had more menial photographic duties such as taking a group portrait of
the members of the Patent Convention on the steps of the Patent Office in April
of 1891.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The April 12, 1891 <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington Post</i> reported that George
Prince appeared on the scene at the same time, and began to set up his own
photographic equipment – Brady promptly positioned himself in front of Prince’s
camera (left).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A skirmish ensued, and
Prince pushed Brady.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Brady complained
and eventually a $25 fine was incurred by Prince.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just four years later, Brady, blind from his
exposure to developing chemicals, died and was interred in Congressional
Cemetery on Capitol Hill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitTz6fZJS_6-HP5ktLRElhYoejJTFNubmxyoXqVu8Af2oOloU5DBPT0iS9S8Jz9F0i5EbAiLhK4uCjnktnpAtE_v8rj1ogpROpb4fFh3k44naTDxWBjRfOitju_dk1e2LeuKD8g/s1600/prince.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="415" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitTz6fZJS_6-HP5ktLRElhYoejJTFNubmxyoXqVu8Af2oOloU5DBPT0iS9S8Jz9F0i5EbAiLhK4uCjnktnpAtE_v8rj1ogpROpb4fFh3k44naTDxWBjRfOitju_dk1e2LeuKD8g/s320/prince.jpg" width="244" /></a>Carl
Steiger posted the only known photograph of George Prince on the website
Find-A-Grave, seen at right.</div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">George
and Mary Prince divorced on October 5, 1899, an unusual event for the
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary was awarded a monthly alimony
of $100, also an unusually high figure for the time when a modest brick house
could have been built in the city for $2,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>On May 18, 1909, the Washington Post reported that Mary had George arrested
when she learned that he was removing furniture from his own house and planned
a move to Seattle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The courts awarded
her with a $3,000 bond to ensure future alimony payments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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Beginning
in 1908, other married couples began to be listed as occupants at 1327 R Street
along with Mary Prince; the 1910 census confirmed that Mary and two of her
children (Leslie and Maria) were listed as tenants.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>George Prince later married a woman named
Clara.<br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Mary Prince died
on November 14, 1927, and her ex-husband George Prince died on November 13, 1929; both are
interred in Rock Creek Cemetery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Copyright Paul K. Williams </span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , "serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></span>HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01327 R St NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA38.9128211 -77.030876338.9126281 -77.0311913 38.913014100000005 -77.0305613tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-87429232469442902832020-04-01T17:12:00.000-04:002020-05-06T15:13:33.959-04:00Drinking Away in the 1930s at the Washington Canoe Club<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuFNeFBebVXkt1sIZfU0ND4Vi49q2GbJkJvKa0HpBykQLdFRaVYlNccg4zNEnVjZSfmfXvw3lTH0j5I66lJJcBDhs2ugmY5Sa6Fhdtt3xSgV6NG3A10NDm4Jtz-7LCiZU6u_GSew/s1600/Wash+Canoe+Club.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1319" data-original-width="1600" height="524" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuFNeFBebVXkt1sIZfU0ND4Vi49q2GbJkJvKa0HpBykQLdFRaVYlNccg4zNEnVjZSfmfXvw3lTH0j5I66lJJcBDhs2ugmY5Sa6Fhdtt3xSgV6NG3A10NDm4Jtz-7LCiZU6u_GSew/s640/Wash+Canoe+Club.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDCCarYPwJ19MG_lzd1ss0TIRdSKrSAsbNsJ6Awp2sBIhG4Tg_VNTXO3TwqNVHsvjucPFMGceFl9I2RFLjp4dw0rsy9YTlbQe0YCYKUavli71jBZ1u_R452zaeDtiOcT2RJQHi2w/s1600/Fracker%252C+William.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="589" data-original-width="406" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDCCarYPwJ19MG_lzd1ss0TIRdSKrSAsbNsJ6Awp2sBIhG4Tg_VNTXO3TwqNVHsvjucPFMGceFl9I2RFLjp4dw0rsy9YTlbQe0YCYKUavli71jBZ1u_R452zaeDtiOcT2RJQHi2w/s320/Fracker%252C+William.jpg" width="220" /></a>The Washington Canoe Club, built in single style
architecture in 1905 along the shores of the Potomac River just north of the
Key Bridge is one of the oldest operating sports clubs in the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It also pioneered the flat water racing as an
Olympic sport, and continues to play an important role in Olympic sport.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the late 1930s, however, it also had a
drinking problem – more on that later.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The majestic building has survived flooding
and several heavy ice jams that once moved the entire structure five feet down
river.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was included in the National
Register of Historic Places in 1991.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Canoeing became popular in Europe in the 1860s and 70s, and
the New York Canoe Club was founded in 1871.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Washington Canoe Club was founded on August 1, 1905 with a gathering
of its first 100 members at 1427 New York Avenue, NW.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its first President was Willard Fracker.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although it was originally planned to be on
the Maryland side of the Potomac River, property was quickly secured at the end
of M Street in Georgetown. </div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjPzkPr6NmYs1uH8EgWs4UqbFy97ezeAwgPbg-bNPNTpHZVcbeTfOdV1w0Uubh65pp04-TP1JEFmKS83j1wZRZq92Pgzp5CqYUvL5R4JD7QuisQ4eYNf22WhDjqSsjmm4Frzmb1A/s1600/opening.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="661" data-original-width="401" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjPzkPr6NmYs1uH8EgWs4UqbFy97ezeAwgPbg-bNPNTpHZVcbeTfOdV1w0Uubh65pp04-TP1JEFmKS83j1wZRZq92Pgzp5CqYUvL5R4JD7QuisQ4eYNf22WhDjqSsjmm4Frzmb1A/s320/opening.jpg" width="194" /></a></div>
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiH4FIH7kxSL_QjsjoQu-7AXSad0OD-005HMyF0r88WnDetZOYLz0BKeIpfj9GejEO4G_ekEpr_3jWdpl_t8L3qBzm5t15Ahjr4k1aW_zi6Ij_valdVinLjACGinonzta5evJy0ag/s1600/Hales%252C+George.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Architect George P.
Hales provided the plans for the clubhouse, an illustration which appeared in
the September 3, 1905 Washington Post seen here.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hales was a recent arrival among canoeists on
the Potomac, but he had been competing in the sport on the Charles River
outside Boston for many years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
designed the ‘house’ as it was called to be entered from M Street (then Canal) on
the second floor via a bridge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The second floor would contain a ballroom, lounge,
smoking room, fireplace, locker rooms, bathrooms, a balcony and a corner turret
for a flag pole flying the club pennant.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The entire first floor was designed with racks to store 125 canoes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Construction commenced quickly, and a house
warming party was held in the ballroom in December of 1905.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ray Garrett was listed as its first Commodore.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<h3 class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Canoeists, We Have a Drinking Problem</b></h3>
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<br /></div>
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Notes from the club’s October 20, 1938 meeting reveal that
the gathering was the result of a “petition for a special meeting to discuss
drinking in the clubhouse.” <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Several
motions were offered from the floor in an attempt to limit drinking during
dances in the ballroom only, banning drinking from the ballroom, and allowing
drinking everywhere else on the property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>A member named Mr. Havens revealed that the upper balcony “was never
used by anyone, including the ‘better element’ who did not drink.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ouch!</div>
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Member Fowler stated that the club needed new members and
significant renovations, and suggested that allowing drinking throughout the
winter would attract new members, going so far as to recommend tearing down the
kitchen walls, removing lockers, installing a stove and use the new found space
for drinking year round. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The previous
summer regatta was objected to by Fowler because “there was too much drinking
and his friends did not like the appearance of everyone drinking beer all over
the Clubhouse.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He suggested a new club
membership application be composed “to show the applicant was the type of man
needed at the Club, but one who would object to drinking in all places.” </div>
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</div>
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“Obnoxious drinkers” were brought up, although other members
claimed to use the fireplace as a cozy and nice place for winter drinking
without any such type present. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Suggested
rules on where and when members could drink came from the floor until member
McCalley wanted to know if the purpose of any new rule was to “prevent members
from being seen drinking, or to prevent them from drinking.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Member Havens took the time to point out that McCalley “was
an exception, as he did not make highballs, but drank his drinks straight and
in the locker room.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He countered and
said “the locker room is cold, and after drinking there the fireplace would bring
out the liquor with bad effects.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Member
Snell remarked “that if we were all good members, we wouldn’t throw our
cigarettes on the floor.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Member Moffatt
“reminded the meeting that we have a rule that states we must be gentlemen at
all times.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Member Dilger “stated that
in his opinion the last dance he attended was one of low caliber, with drinking
all over the clubhouse and that he did not bring a girl over to the dance…and
that there was a need for dignity at the Club.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The meeting was adjourned without a vote.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Years earlier, the club had similar meeting concerning the
appropriate dress of members and guests, or the lack thereof.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>That will be saved for a future blog
post!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Copyright Paul K. Williams </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com03700 Water St NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA38.904412 -77.071112913.3823775 -118.3797069 64.4264465 -35.7625189tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-61499233127135954022020-01-18T17:54:00.003-05:002020-01-18T17:55:00.687-05:00Map of Our House Histories Completed to DateIt always takes awhile to update, but here is the <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=10A-MxrFy-ftulXM-1IJC5Ym94mo&hl=en&gl=us&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&t=m&ll=38.90257600124925%2C-77.02934841439219&spn=0.058103%2C0.095229&source=embed&z=13" target="_blank">updated map</a> of our 1,500 "house histories" completed to date! Explore and find some history near you!<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=10A-MxrFy-ftulXM-1IJC5Ym94mo&hl=en&gl=us&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&t=m&ll=38.90257600124925%2C-77.02934841439219&spn=0.058103%2C0.095229&source=embed&z=13" target="_blank"><img alt="https://www.google.com/maps/d/edit?mid=10A-MxrFy-ftulXM-1IJC5Ym94mo&hl=en&gl=us&ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&t=m&ll=38.90257600124925%2C-77.02934841439219&spn=0.058103%2C0.095229&source=embed&z=13" border="0" data-original-height="494" data-original-width="454" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgmYPYLe6QwtpO8Xj8TIiv3rynbgpxtdaCDzeF20S9d4KbEnEiiYtN_8Mo03rfsNHcnTKpxjMSBYoIah_VNNcjd_MEEcxF-3-X8IZXNHpdrzQ-87iftMMNkspgBoKg2XrgUz3LrQ/s640/house+histories.jpg" width="588" /></a></div>
<br />HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-62959147043442772372019-12-28T13:31:00.000-05:002019-12-28T13:31:06.872-05:00Houses with Style and Characters: 1329 R Street NW<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXqK0h-Qkw8Es7K5Ly_nBAohlkVrjhvjm_alpQ_A9X-EgdzjYwV8Ejpkj_BE2BVvlfcyJq1UCgXC6kkE9eGbDAfVRUcX5AQvUDeGA2JMmi18d1pmdrF8XwFjtBAOCnoGz2DXiAw/s1600/1329+R.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHXqK0h-Qkw8Es7K5Ly_nBAohlkVrjhvjm_alpQ_A9X-EgdzjYwV8Ejpkj_BE2BVvlfcyJq1UCgXC6kkE9eGbDAfVRUcX5AQvUDeGA2JMmi18d1pmdrF8XwFjtBAOCnoGz2DXiAw/s400/1329+R.jpg" width="323" /></a></div>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I had walked past the unusual house at 1329 R Street N.W. for years, always wondering about two aspects: the unusual copper bay window, and the old sign above the lower door that read "Dr. W.O.I. Byrom, Dentist." Imagine my delight when the owner years ago hired me to do a facade easement to the L'Enfant Trust, which we include a full house history! </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">On June 22, 1892,
builder Ernest Heisley applied for and was granted Permit No. 2787 to build a
brick home for owner Thomas Whyte at 1329
R Street, N.W.<span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Heisley indicated
on the permit (below) that Joseph Johnson would serve as the architect for the
home.<span> </span>Unfortunately, relatively little
is known about Johnson.<span> </span>He was first
listed in the <i>City Directory</i> in 1888
as a partner in a firm coined “Johnson and Gibbs” in the Corcoran Building.<span> </span>It was the only year that the firm was
listed, the other partner being Charles E. Gibbs, who had first been listed in
the <i>City</i> <i>Directory</i> in 1881 as a draftsman.<span>
</span>Johnson became an architect in 1882, but following the economic
depression of 1893, worked as a cashier at the Ebbitt House restaurant.<span> </span>From 1889 to 1890, Johnson had a listing of “Johnson and Company” continuing to be
located in the Corcoran building. Johnson was listed as a sole architect there from 1891 to 1901, the
last year he was listed in the<i> City
Directory</i>.<span> </span>He then resided at 407 T Street, N.W.<span> </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpzwYNs4t839-YQzZAvpUmsl1yO6k87Nzf4G_fHwQjgOHgujdqBiOXok1td81QXNqIsydvKioyORQuSZ80vCIY-_scwLLx1h8n1l2MZ6Zy7h8woYe3drpK3eCTqA1gUYWJ89jebQ/s1600/1329+permit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="936" data-original-width="1067" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpzwYNs4t839-YQzZAvpUmsl1yO6k87Nzf4G_fHwQjgOHgujdqBiOXok1td81QXNqIsydvKioyORQuSZ80vCIY-_scwLLx1h8n1l2MZ6Zy7h8woYe3drpK3eCTqA1gUYWJ89jebQ/s320/1329+permit.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">As mentioned earlier, builder Ernest Heisley built 1329
R Street, N.W., beginning in June of 1892 for
owner Thomas Whyte, who lived at 1340
Rhode Island Ave., N.W.<span> </span>Whyte was the co-owner of National Cornice
Works with his brother.<span> </span>The company was
located at 300-304 13<sup>th</sup>
St., N.W., and was a manufacturer of galvanized
iron and copper cornices.<span> The mystery of the unusual copper bay window was solved! </span>They also held
their own patent on a ventilating skylight. An advertisement in a <i>City Directory</i> for the Whytes’ business
is seen below.<span> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The first recordation of Whyte
living at 1329 R Street, N.W.,
comes via the 1894 <i>City Directory</i>,
while the first details of the Whyte family at 1329 R Street, N.W., come via the 1900
census.<span> </span>In the census, Whyte is listed
as head of household, although the census taker misspelled his name as “White.”<span> </span>The census indicates that Whyte was 40 years
old, was born in Indiana and had been married for 15 years to his wife, Rose,
originally from Michigan.<span> </span>Rose’s father
was born in Scotland,
while her mother was born in Canada.<span> </span>Also living in the home were the Whyte’s two
sons, Clifford and Russell, Thomas Whyte’s sister-in-law, Florence McMillan,
and his brother-in-law, George McMillan. </span></span></div>
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<![endif]-->Several owners and renters occupied the house for a few decades until January 29, 1946, when the house was sold to Mrs. Westanna Byrom.<span> </span>A 1948 <i>City
Directory</i> listing reveals at Byrom was a dentist with an office at 1451 U Street, N.W. </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOZVoz0ibtPfznPMBikaV5BclAl6ONYhjsKRcA8VQq4tqeLDlenSI8hNjepPgoA0Iri_Ww9bQLzalwAPrCv5vhzmnaBOFN3Zv1pJ9m23VXUZDxZrEudMl71ebMr5mmR4Dxz79d9A/s1600/byrom.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="612" data-original-width="466" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOZVoz0ibtPfznPMBikaV5BclAl6ONYhjsKRcA8VQq4tqeLDlenSI8hNjepPgoA0Iri_Ww9bQLzalwAPrCv5vhzmnaBOFN3Zv1pJ9m23VXUZDxZrEudMl71ebMr5mmR4Dxz79d9A/s320/byrom.jpg" width="243" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dr.
Byrom (seen here) was a trailblazer in the field of dentistry.<span> </span>Her father was a physician, and she was born
in East Tennessee where she attended
elementary and high school.<span> </span>She later
attended Tennessee State College in Nashville,
Tennessee, and — with the urging
of her stepfather — she pursued a career in dentistry by enrolling in Howard University’s
College of Dentistry in 1929.<span> </span>She received her degree of Doctor of Dental
Surgery in 1933.<span> </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span><br /></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Dr. Byrom
opened dental offices in Cleveland,
Tennessee and later in Chattanooga, Tennessee
where she later worked with indigent children in the public school system.<span> </span>In 1942, Dr. Byrom became the first
African-American woman to open a dental office in Washington, D.C.<span> </span>In 1944, she became associated with the
District of Columbia Public Health Department.<span>
</span>She contributed greatly during World War II by collecting funds and
selling bonds.<span></span><span> </span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy_zhh98vYPFr0akb6t32_kLHddIcWEvCxSD1EUXri1AgwmTKZtSj59p-6Byio_QGGsGgitveZt41CoRkzfOYkHkh4NmsAeHOUdpOBD0I8XTQH7TfaPzUfLwPNoPlDJSSXEXy0eQ/s1600/byrom2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="474" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjy_zhh98vYPFr0akb6t32_kLHddIcWEvCxSD1EUXri1AgwmTKZtSj59p-6Byio_QGGsGgitveZt41CoRkzfOYkHkh4NmsAeHOUdpOBD0I8XTQH7TfaPzUfLwPNoPlDJSSXEXy0eQ/s320/byrom2.jpg" width="237" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">On April 7, 1963, Dr. Byrom was one of three women
to receive a citation from the Gamma Chapter of Iota Phi Lambda Sorority.<span> </span>She received the “Outstanding Woman of the
Year Award” </span></span><span style="font-size: small;">for
years of service as the only African-American woman dentist in Washington,
D.C., and for her work to help improve the health of Washington’s children.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsg91tdt4ANz2A6aI6jAvKmufozXaICkVtrRVNkOEVWK2KImEdCdY_1yAQdxTBBqL3UVW859FlIS8MaQj5RNT1rd2P6liKbiNrYVsywCRxD4iXok-3y9m8KdU3kOhH9yNUp2ouyg/s1600/byrom3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="321" data-original-width="756" height="84" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsg91tdt4ANz2A6aI6jAvKmufozXaICkVtrRVNkOEVWK2KImEdCdY_1yAQdxTBBqL3UVW859FlIS8MaQj5RNT1rd2P6liKbiNrYVsywCRxD4iXok-3y9m8KdU3kOhH9yNUp2ouyg/s200/byrom3.jpg" width="200" /></a>By 1954,
the home was also occupied by Dr. Byrom’s husband, Harold G. Covington, an
employee of the State Department.<span> </span>The
couple had one child, Bettye.<span> </span>A sign at 1329 R Street, N.W.
in reference to Dr. Byrom’s dental practice is seen here.</div>
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<br /></div>
<span></span>Byrom and Covington would reside at
1329 R Street, N.W., for many years until January 17, 1982, when Byrom passed
away, leaving the home to Bettye B. Allen, her sole heir. </span><br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Copyright Paul K. Williams </span></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">
</span>HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01329 R St NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA38.91285 -77.03091699999998813.390815499999999 -118.33951099999999 64.4348845 -35.722322999999989tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-86437515980009427902019-08-04T15:33:00.000-04:002019-08-05T10:21:22.359-04:00The Unexpected Church House In Palisades<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif";">We are honored to have our very first guest blog entry - a fascinating tale indeed! Paul </span></div>
<b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></b><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">Discovering a Church’s Hidden History in My
Palisades Home</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;">By Alex Knott</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Rvu5S-MqAyc/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Rvu5S-MqAyc?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div align="right" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Nothing in the
realty ads, basic city records and closing documents suggested that our new
home once had a 61-foot steeple that towered into the Palisades sky. The
housing brochures also did not showcase how the kitchen and dining areas once
doubled as a 1900s-era Sunday schoolroom. Nor was there the century-old
claim that the living and family rooms had the capacity for nearly 200 church
goers.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Yet, further
research into my Palisades home bought in 2017 revealed that the building was
originally not a house at all, but one of more than 100 churches drawn up a
century ago by a famous architectural family.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Intrigued by Paul
Kelsey Williams’ “<a href="https://www.amazon.com/Lost-Washington-D-C-Kelsey-Williams/dp/1862059934/ref=asc_df_1862059934/?tag=hyprod-20&linkCode=df0&hvadid=312094773753&hvpos=1o1&hvnetw=g&hvrand=3612264990782179672&hvpone=&hvptwo=&hvqmt=&hvdev=c&hvdvcmdl=&hvlocint=&hvlocphy=9061283&hvtargid=pla-571842610218&psc=1" target="_blank">Lost Washington</a>,” and the House History Man Blog, I began
researching my Palisades home. That’s when I was pleasantly surprised to learn
it was originally called Northwest Methodist Episcopal Church.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Ads for the house
on 4901 MacArthur Boulevard mirrored most of DC’s records saying it was just a
residence built in 1916. But a deeper dive into building records, newspaper
archives, and property records shows that construction on my home actually
began in September 1904, when it was granted a building permit as a church.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYrl67rw-e8Uq035RO0MLVyPZtY6f6tFc5W1pRv0lXiSdFX4Aaa9hXkev8E-bVMPJZ6Er8mWiSKvSaSXP5XEpgfJlB4X9M1ELkVF18u1xBYORFpDqfGsR5iqXmOWzB3WK1fc1zow/s1600/church+map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1600" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYrl67rw-e8Uq035RO0MLVyPZtY6f6tFc5W1pRv0lXiSdFX4Aaa9hXkev8E-bVMPJZ6Er8mWiSKvSaSXP5XEpgfJlB4X9M1ELkVF18u1xBYORFpDqfGsR5iqXmOWzB3WK1fc1zow/s640/church+map.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">A 1907 map,
shows the church appearing on the northwest corner of W Street and Conduit
Road (which was renamed MacArthur Boulevard for General Douglas MacArthur a few
months after Pearl Harbor). At the time, the church was among the first 20
buildings constructed in “the Palisades of the Potomac,” a new group of
residential lots converted from the vacant farmlands on the northwest hills of
Georgetown.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The building’s
architects were Benjamin D. Price and Max Charles Price, a Philadelphia
father-son duo who drew up the “Church Plans” for some 100 churches
in at least 22 states stretching from Florida to Washington State toward the
end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNRmhETG-D8Vo_O6XKY55YthuWaa1nKlD_O8Ua1XUf0ZPad-lHzgEppDVhZqEiZ7BByQ9z1h_gJa6hD2V6AAEcZZyXLMaeJgEyOnVbMfTmD_EYg7WeEENPKneC_EQixZHFwDJ0Lg/s1600/clock+tower.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="249" data-original-width="393" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNRmhETG-D8Vo_O6XKY55YthuWaa1nKlD_O8Ua1XUf0ZPad-lHzgEppDVhZqEiZ7BByQ9z1h_gJa6hD2V6AAEcZZyXLMaeJgEyOnVbMfTmD_EYg7WeEENPKneC_EQixZHFwDJ0Lg/s320/clock+tower.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Today, many of the
Prices’ other existing buildings are protected as American treasures under the
National Register of Historic Places including some local architectural work
on Alexandria’s clock tower and steeple for City Hall, left, and the new
market house/town hall buildings on North Royal Street.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The new parish was
reportedly the convergence of two smaller churches — a chapel branch of the
Dumbarton Avenue Church and the Little Falls Methodist Episcopal Church on
Canal Road sold a couple years earlier. The pastor heading up the new congregation
was the seasoned Rev. William H. Black, an 81-year-old Union Civil War veteran,
who worked in the records division of the pension office.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTVK9pTOeejSLxuPpb_fRoewsWgKZjKY0tF2tTSKLE6KJYrdOOd-tEbcBSElqb4Gh0l1qJPFmZkIQtJj4BZlNoOKax1scPvA9v7fxvlyuDX0ihXQI0_tnetKGA62jqYzKX6Nr8_A/s1600/church+Star.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="290" data-original-width="363" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTVK9pTOeejSLxuPpb_fRoewsWgKZjKY0tF2tTSKLE6KJYrdOOd-tEbcBSElqb4Gh0l1qJPFmZkIQtJj4BZlNoOKax1scPvA9v7fxvlyuDX0ihXQI0_tnetKGA62jqYzKX6Nr8_A/s400/church+Star.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Northwest M. E.
Church Trustees paid an estimated $3,000 to local builder W. E. Pickford to
construct the church. Pickford was not known for building churches but rather
dozens of DC homes including, the shops and residences at 3403 M Street, the
Fremont condominiums in Logan Circle and a couple houses near the reservoir in
the Foxhall-Palisades neighborhood on 47th place. </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="right" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; text-align: right;">
<span style="color: blue; font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;"></span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Pickford appears to
have used a variation of the Prices’ Plan 54 (above at video link). The plan also bears a strong
resemblance to a construction photo of the Northwest Church that ran locally
in <i>The Sunday Star</i> on September 10, 1905 (right).</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpxFgOqZOSouKHQKiXWa6ZUkukpV69NnL_9fD8LbJdG9QAjXrd6YNFKk7x__CfJ3POBfi8NV-FLTkGWWstjshtpK3mvLkT1MwZbW-wkPLX7lLNbPUR4uByYIA-Kc5jYezU3jUsw/s1600/church.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1071" data-original-width="1600" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNpxFgOqZOSouKHQKiXWa6ZUkukpV69NnL_9fD8LbJdG9QAjXrd6YNFKk7x__CfJ3POBfi8NV-FLTkGWWstjshtpK3mvLkT1MwZbW-wkPLX7lLNbPUR4uByYIA-Kc5jYezU3jUsw/s400/church.png" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The accompanying
article highlighted details, like how the church’s main entrance was made
through the base of a belfry tower. Our current front porch was used by the
congregation to enter the building. Today’s kitchen and dining areas were used
as a Sunday school room 100 years ago. The rest of main floor was once the
auditorium, which was lined with pews creating a seating capacity nearing 200.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Other newspapers
articles detail a decade of events at the church, including regular services,
Sunday school, and memorials. The Northwest Methodist Episcopal Church was also
a venue for the West Washington Citizens Association (WWCA), which held regular
meetings there preceding a reorganization by members to create the Conduit Road
Citizens Association (CRCA). This offshoot local civics group first organized
at the nearby St. David’s Parish Hall on October 2, 1916, but has grown during
the last century through its iterations as the MacArthur Citizens Association
in 1942 and since 1950, the Palisades Citizens Association.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">Following Rev.
Black’s death in 1909, the church continued to have financial issues and
ultimately was put up for auction. On the August 12,1916, the church
began its transition from a DC house of worship to a Palisades family residence
as the building was put up for auction as a home. Charles A Baker -- the
president of the CRCA and a former vice president of the WWCA, which held meetings
in the church -- bought the building in 1916, according to DC tax records.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">The year also marks
the period when city records erroneously listed the incorrect year that the
house was built. Without any documents to substantiate the incorrect year, the
Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs has refused to multiple requests
with corroborating documents to fix this error.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">On the night of
Monday July 31, 1922, an electrical short circuit sparked a fire in the
building. Engine 5 scrambled from the middle of Georgetown to battle the
blaze. Firefighter Lt. John Busher reportedly injured fighting the flames
when he fell through the bungalow second floor and was taken to Georgetown
University Hospital.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;">After the fire, the
church-like residence continued to be remodeled. The burnt frame was
reinforced. It was rebuilt, renovated and landscaped. During the 97 years
since, the home has seen many changes as it continued to hold large families --
whose kids still come back to see their childhood home and tell tales of
missing staircases, dirt floor basements and being huddled around air
conditioners during hot DC summers.</span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , "sans-serif"; font-size: 11.0pt;"></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
Copyright Alex Knott</div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com04901 Mac Arthur Blvd NW, Washington, DC 20016, USA38.9285119 -77.10522049999997313.406477399999996 -118.41381449999997 64.4505464 -35.796626499999974tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-81681170265145727092019-07-19T16:54:00.000-04:002019-07-19T16:55:08.295-04:00U Street in the 1900s: 1901 Vermont Avenue<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9A2qLpUKNguhOwVLLn49_tm9dIt7rsF30H5MbM18Ntpa6b3k2FuiyirbBxfZLrNfDKqS33sjK99yb_De4bdiQBuLtZhybPSTKsvSIv38sf00-3_GTM68Ns3qvCqIM-pHLjY_MA/s1600/1901+vermont4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA9A2qLpUKNguhOwVLLn49_tm9dIt7rsF30H5MbM18Ntpa6b3k2FuiyirbBxfZLrNfDKqS33sjK99yb_De4bdiQBuLtZhybPSTKsvSIv38sf00-3_GTM68Ns3qvCqIM-pHLjY_MA/s640/1901+vermont4.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Moving into the U Street neighborhood in 1992 was interesting. I took many photographs of abandoned houses and buildings that had promise. Being a historic preservationist, even I thought this one might have gone too far to be restored at a reasonable price. The interior was more or less gone. It sat at 1901 Vermont Avenue, on the corner of T Street, NW. A young woman named Tania was determined, however, to bring it back to its glory. It was bought for about $55,000 if I recall correctly!<br />
<br />
We led the charge for the U Street area to eventually become a historic district before gems like this were bulldozed. There wasn't much gentrification because simply, most everything was vacant. Between 9th Street and 17th Street on U Street was only three large scale businesses that I recall - Ben's, of course, Lee's Flowers, and a new Polly's Cafe. <br />
<br />
It was issued a building permit on March 21, 1878 by owner William F. Sliney. The architect listed was George Welch, who built it at an estimated cost of $6,500.<br />
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In any event, a few pictured from Google show the excellent restoration of 1901 Vermont Avenue appear below. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijaq568jYlCFImKk6KaJOojtYHC2wmsCW-C8FQNcEKB8Jtg07gn8lzzSvHcppxJZYZj-yOXTfYnEntgFd-nMyEOsZOzl4ZxqXH4Nq9OmrNxbuWZv-k9KpKyDafbSDMBnsfk7ma6A/s1600/1901+Vermont2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="849" data-original-width="815" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijaq568jYlCFImKk6KaJOojtYHC2wmsCW-C8FQNcEKB8Jtg07gn8lzzSvHcppxJZYZj-yOXTfYnEntgFd-nMyEOsZOzl4ZxqXH4Nq9OmrNxbuWZv-k9KpKyDafbSDMBnsfk7ma6A/s640/1901+Vermont2.jpg" width="614" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWoSfWzkWptJN8CqMWDcEpRpDfpSFLgFAHuqzv0omNt91Ny_Sjdf-DRTLWi678SmBI4Jaw_IdGqt0BH71_6AYpVavR5iRxTTvnYEvey7FHZR5QijcMKYOHIzKuTl7F2Dbl_L05sg/s1600/1901+Vermont3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="807" data-original-width="833" height="620" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiWoSfWzkWptJN8CqMWDcEpRpDfpSFLgFAHuqzv0omNt91Ny_Sjdf-DRTLWi678SmBI4Jaw_IdGqt0BH71_6AYpVavR5iRxTTvnYEvey7FHZR5QijcMKYOHIzKuTl7F2Dbl_L05sg/s640/1901+Vermont3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIRT2nDM_vsWofk-kAfCR2yXtumCnhglpT8_Ho6m1t9nwuH2cfPTwIqEVJTaEEi1Ib_ho-mVO2FCJmRQOm0Ekjw7NGkzYS69Fizq3Hr6Naff9RqbJS-3_cHu9Z_iykJ8Zej_XZaQ/s1600/1901+Vermont.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="584" data-original-width="655" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIRT2nDM_vsWofk-kAfCR2yXtumCnhglpT8_Ho6m1t9nwuH2cfPTwIqEVJTaEEi1Ib_ho-mVO2FCJmRQOm0Ekjw7NGkzYS69Fizq3Hr6Naff9RqbJS-3_cHu9Z_iykJ8Zej_XZaQ/s640/1901+Vermont.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Copyright Paul K. Williams<br />
<br />HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01901 Vermont Ave NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA38.91573 -77.02579000000002913.393695500000003 -118.33438400000003 64.4377645 -35.71719600000003tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-53666795984270900122019-06-24T16:21:00.001-04:002019-06-24T16:30:46.169-04:00U Street in the 1990s: 1301 T Street Then and Now<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM09eyiY-5vJAa1jWy9QAGta3Os6THXHzxJnSgptltgYHkIiC4Xruk0Lznqf21YOJe78Kojtz1tGw1sp08DiXjZF0jRZndMI5KifnC8Nrrl4OrD9nDUB-hpo1aspca6AKIYmxfGQ/s1600/1301+T+Street++in+1992.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM09eyiY-5vJAa1jWy9QAGta3Os6THXHzxJnSgptltgYHkIiC4Xruk0Lznqf21YOJe78Kojtz1tGw1sp08DiXjZF0jRZndMI5KifnC8Nrrl4OrD9nDUB-hpo1aspca6AKIYmxfGQ/s640/1301+T+Street++in+1992.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />
We continue to locate some images I took in the U Street neighborhood when I moved there in 1992 - and how it has changed!<br />
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Pictured here is the house on the northwest corner of 13th and T Streets - 1301 T Street, aka 1900 13th Street. It was issued a building permit on April 27, 1900 and was designed by architect Paul J. Pelz. Built by Peter Fersinger. The owner at the time was listed as Mrs. Emma Demonet, the widow of Charles Demonet when she was living at 618 New York Avenue, NW. Built at a cost of $2,149 they claimed!<br />
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Interestingly, a George Demonet is listed at 1900 13th Street in the 1900 City Directory who indicated the ran the Bordeaux Wine Company at the same address. <br />
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Pictures of the condominium units the house is today:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePwaG2X93kvD-Y1xQh-Er-ez8i3hZ6xyJzxQZJEiX-21UcuGg5QZ8fWsa6e6Ft2yD9717BsSjTfPZ4K0NpL4zcH7cX-XPcjAF5sOSmsDe9KdW7YOYH0mSdikUUjoWXQwCB8kFpA/s1600/1301+T+Street.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="432" data-original-width="553" height="498" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhePwaG2X93kvD-Y1xQh-Er-ez8i3hZ6xyJzxQZJEiX-21UcuGg5QZ8fWsa6e6Ft2yD9717BsSjTfPZ4K0NpL4zcH7cX-XPcjAF5sOSmsDe9KdW7YOYH0mSdikUUjoWXQwCB8kFpA/s640/1301+T+Street.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVn1kR4f8G7-wL0UP-HcC0lb3EPpzH7VPaONrbhmOqi8XDf9hGI0LOEdPxxHXDhC1BH2Sf5qX_va8ChR9un6AhZz8ozsXf45zCLhljdJB4VHMOxXHtPjNkCprv4_6SMKFsa_6i-g/s1600/1301+T+Street+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="414" data-original-width="623" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVn1kR4f8G7-wL0UP-HcC0lb3EPpzH7VPaONrbhmOqi8XDf9hGI0LOEdPxxHXDhC1BH2Sf5qX_va8ChR9un6AhZz8ozsXf45zCLhljdJB4VHMOxXHtPjNkCprv4_6SMKFsa_6i-g/s640/1301+T+Street+2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigf2jTk4BTeD9cTt8XiOGnovKhc6oT4twDLBh3DM9FqUcdICtWnJVlKOMHAl6VCmpiZkF-JihLBAE-ssQp9Bgk4tIedCIM_LGyb5YvTxBjz2yYCO-GG7sJVeo3y5Fnoo6n9Zug_A/s1600/1301+T+Street+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="427" data-original-width="640" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigf2jTk4BTeD9cTt8XiOGnovKhc6oT4twDLBh3DM9FqUcdICtWnJVlKOMHAl6VCmpiZkF-JihLBAE-ssQp9Bgk4tIedCIM_LGyb5YvTxBjz2yYCO-GG7sJVeo3y5Fnoo6n9Zug_A/s640/1301+T+Street+3.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01301 T St NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA38.9158043 -77.02984400000002638.915611299999995 -77.030159000000026 38.9159973 -77.029529000000025tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-30083855505496124362019-05-14T18:11:00.001-04:002019-05-14T18:19:10.880-04:00U Street in the 1990s: 1901 11th Street Then & Now<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoe5Mm3KdamcjT3KofzWO40e2n9Yp-hdy204O4r8uKnavLvfOZWY1Zf7crau1VFlwXKioCcC0VIWcJwreBJlypRxlmFkXM5jlE5MuTc0EnxTeOtg4ZGb0HLW6A8atgpmAhgRkloA/s1600/1901+11th+Street.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhoe5Mm3KdamcjT3KofzWO40e2n9Yp-hdy204O4r8uKnavLvfOZWY1Zf7crau1VFlwXKioCcC0VIWcJwreBJlypRxlmFkXM5jlE5MuTc0EnxTeOtg4ZGb0HLW6A8atgpmAhgRkloA/s640/1901+11th+Street.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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We are preparing to donate some images I took in the early 1990s of the U Street neighborhood to the Washingtoniana Division, so I thought I would create a short series of before and now pictures of the same structures. I bought 1800 Vermont Avenue, NW in 1992 (for $95,000 !) and these pics were taken with a good old fashioned camera that year and in the ensuing few years in the early 1900s. We fought hard to create the historic district in 1998 that saved all of these structures. <br />
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Not much was around then - mostly abandoned houses and essentially only THREE businesses on U Street between 9th and 16th Street. (Lee's Florist, Ben's Chili & Polly's Cafe)<br />
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Our first photo comparison is the corner house at 11th and T Streets, NW at 1901 11th Street. Back then, it was an abandoned mess, as was the adjoining house on T Street to the right. What a change!<br />
This was designed and built in 1878 by Diller B. Groff at a cost of $6,000 for the two houses. <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgctqVx5zk7ShyphenhyphenY2kC76CErSFJKqi5jC6FpzjJxeT3KuptUlfYtu-BSqDwITVoFy2IbJNGOXBXaVdI4o3S5Kcq5rSKl7Kb32jwmN1yI96GDY182KwUwGdbhaIZM2ixS5N_-NXIsHQ/s1600/1901+%25232.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="546" data-original-width="861" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgctqVx5zk7ShyphenhyphenY2kC76CErSFJKqi5jC6FpzjJxeT3KuptUlfYtu-BSqDwITVoFy2IbJNGOXBXaVdI4o3S5Kcq5rSKl7Kb32jwmN1yI96GDY182KwUwGdbhaIZM2ixS5N_-NXIsHQ/s640/1901+%25232.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Copyright Paul K. Williams</div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01901 11th St NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA38.9159219 -77.02687989999998313.3938874 -118.33547389999998 64.4379564 -35.718285899999984tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-62532690633227812382018-12-29T16:16:00.001-05:002018-12-29T16:16:42.324-05:00Discovering a "Carriage House" That Was Built as a Prominent Artist Studio in Dupont Circle. <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<![endif]--><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwsX87jMKE9xF2c-NDNfjxupXh0u2zL30H85AwIT4CiN8EAlkM7lGQD7aPKmOSAjArJCm6wD0sjro5zM0u4Q_zJjYWq7d7VlmIrx550PUt5Sdom3hHYxVb3T4550WZsoZMWE8vaA/s1600/exterior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="707" data-original-width="347" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwsX87jMKE9xF2c-NDNfjxupXh0u2zL30H85AwIT4CiN8EAlkM7lGQD7aPKmOSAjArJCm6wD0sjro5zM0u4Q_zJjYWq7d7VlmIrx550PUt5Sdom3hHYxVb3T4550WZsoZMWE8vaA/s400/exterior.jpg" width="196" /></a><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Most people assume that an old brick structure in the alley on their rear lot is simply a carriage house. Most are indeed, but its always a thrill to research a rare alley structure that was actually built as a studio for a prominent artist. The owner of
the vacant lot where<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>1749 18<sup>th</sup>
Street, NW was to be constructed, Charles W. Handy, applied for and was granted an <i>Application
for Permit to Build</i> numbered 161 for its construction on April 13,
1892.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He neglected to list an architect
responsible for its design, but did list contractor C. V. Trott as the builder
at a cost of $9,000. </span><br />
<br />
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<![endif]-->The rare rear building located behind
1749 18<sup>th</sup> Street was built to house the studio of sculptor Henry J.
Ellicott, known especially for his Winfield Scott Handcock equestrian statue at
7<sup>th</sup> and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW.
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Ellicott obtained building permit
number 187 for a ‘studio’ on July 6, 1894.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He listed prominent architect Alfred B. Mullett as responsible for its
design, built at a cost of $1,600.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
measures forty-two feet wide by thirty feet deep.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was constructed by the Galloway & Son
construction company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Not surprising in a city where building
was a primary industry, architects, contractors and artists built their own
studios, many of which were located along the quieter alleyways. The Historic
Alley Buildings Survey identified only five artistic studios, however: the John
J. Earley Studio (DC landmark), Mary Bussard Studio, Henry Ellicott Studio, the
Harvey Page Studio and the Joseph Wilkinson Workshop.<br />
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<br />
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh88RO_SkDL5r5RPR4n-jKn1fzioiMfODfBt1gdGJv2YrsDL-ERU2rejWqDyRyWFqmRAuUDiXC1mB2fdXE-tx2Suq6FltOD7ZvFW4zhp078WGnz59wkTO0EU1eaF7v2aSF3yK0IVg/s1600/ellicott.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="208" data-original-width="128" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh88RO_SkDL5r5RPR4n-jKn1fzioiMfODfBt1gdGJv2YrsDL-ERU2rejWqDyRyWFqmRAuUDiXC1mB2fdXE-tx2Suq6FltOD7ZvFW4zhp078WGnz59wkTO0EU1eaF7v2aSF3yK0IVg/s320/ellicott.jpg" width="196" /></a></div>
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Henry Jackson Ellicott, an American
sculptor and architectural sculptor, was best known for his work on American Civil
War monuments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elliott had been born on
either June 23, 1847 in White Hall, Maryland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
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One
of seven children born to James P. Ellicott and Fannie Adelaide Ince, he
attended Rock Hill College School in Ellicott City, Maryland, and Gonzaga
College High School in Washington, D.C.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He studied at Georgetown Medical College, and may have served in the
Civil War.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
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He
studied at Georgetown Medical College, then, at age 19, he completed a
larger-than-life plaster statue of Abraham Lincoln – likely an entry in the
Lincoln Monument Association's competition for a marble statue – that was
exhibited for two years in the United States Capitol rotunda.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The competition was won by sculptor Lot
Flannery, whose statue is at District of Columbia City Hall.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Seen below in August 1868 in the rotunda, the
fate of Ellicott's Lincoln statue is unknown.<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEOo09dNxV_nYXO2EdMICLw082bxcl_OnjhSAvD2J3Zq6LPxaf-Fbn4XDKcckkkCFYDLwELlMQFzlQ_9lgH0hyphenhyphen-Z9FZDia7FZlgpUmSq_sDh8WKbkfFD0ADzi_3wElETPwJ-NKoQ/s1600/lincoln.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="489" data-original-width="600" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEOo09dNxV_nYXO2EdMICLw082bxcl_OnjhSAvD2J3Zq6LPxaf-Fbn4XDKcckkkCFYDLwELlMQFzlQ_9lgH0hyphenhyphen-Z9FZDia7FZlgpUmSq_sDh8WKbkfFD0ADzi_3wElETPwJ-NKoQ/s320/lincoln.png" width="320" /></a>He
studied at the National Academy of Design in New York City from 1867 to 1870,
under William Henry Powell and Emanuel Leutze; and later studied under
Constantino Brumidi.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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He was creating monuments for
placement in cemeteries as early as 1870 and, according to the United States
census of that year, he was living in Manhattan and was identifying himself as
a sculptor–not as a student. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the 1876
New York City directory, he is again listed as a sculptor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His first two commissions were for monuments
at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Lothian, Maryland (1870) and Greenwood Cemetery in
Laurel, Maryland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was the likely
modeler of an Infantryman statue for J. W. Fiske Architectural Metals, Inc. of
New York City that was mass-produced and used in numerous municipal Civil War
monuments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Company records list the
sculptor's name as “Allicot.”</div>
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In
1876, he moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and modeled architectural
sculpture on buildings for the 1876 Centennial Exposition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He remained in Philadelphia and exhibited
occasionally at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts between 1878 and
1891. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ellicott did list himself as an
architect in Philadelphia city directories for 1884 and 1890. According to
Fielding, he had studied drawing at the National Academy of Design in New York.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He married Lida Dyre about 1883.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had been born in Maryland in February of
1865.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Ellicott was appointed under the Harrison administration Superintendent and Chief
Modeler for the U.S. Treasury Department in 1889, responsible for all federal
monuments.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He moved to Washington, D.C., where he listed
his occupation as a sculpture in the Corcoran Building, with a residence at
2026 H Street, NW in 1894.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He and his
wife were listed as living at 1752 S Street, NW in the 1896 Elite List.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was a speculative house built along with
1740-1750 by the Kennedy & Davis firm, who obtained their building permit
on October 17, 1892.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By the time the
1900 census was enumerated he and his wife owned and lived at 1868
California Avenue, NW, with a live in servant and a boarder.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Ellicott died on February 11, 1901 at age
54.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="height: 103px; left: -14px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: relative; top: 0px; width: 627px; z-index: 251723264;"></span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><b>The Studio Building</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq9FnNopMkYfhAtfMNZmoq_LN_0PIMYKS9Jm3ZwQzCsikcgomcAjUlXsE8VVWfZM7p05UljjD6PaCkO2qq1rECqg4XNMjRwv8AlIrMeDYzDsicNr1uyX7AJystv7JjXFXjqB1B6A/s1600/studio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="370" data-original-width="328" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq9FnNopMkYfhAtfMNZmoq_LN_0PIMYKS9Jm3ZwQzCsikcgomcAjUlXsE8VVWfZM7p05UljjD6PaCkO2qq1rECqg4XNMjRwv8AlIrMeDYzDsicNr1uyX7AJystv7JjXFXjqB1B6A/s320/studio.jpg" width="283" /></a></div>
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The studio building itself seems to
have originally been part of the plot occupied by 1752 S Street, NW, but was later
subdivided.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is seen on the 1939 Baist
Map.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both the house
and the studio were occupied by various members of the Berry family, according
to the 1916 City Directory, the first time the studio was listed as having a
resident, obviously altered to include a kitchen and proper bedroom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The directory listed J. Talburtt Berry, an
inspector, and Louise Berry, a teacher at the Weightman School.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house at 1752 S Street had occupants
listed as Edna C. Berry, a clerk, M. Heath Berry, a health inspector, and Roger
B. Berry, a draftsman at the Barber & Ross real estate development
firm.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had all moved into the two
structures from a prior address of 1919 K Street, NW, where they were listed as
roomers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
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A
later, 1930 census reveals that Louise, Edna, and M. Heath were siblings, who
then all resided at 1820 Lamont Street, NW, owned by Louise.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Roger Berry was their father.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She had been born in 1882, Edna in 1895, and
Heath in 1897, all in Maryland.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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Roger
and Edith Williams sold the studio building to the Walter M. Ballard Company on
May 14, 1925 for $3,500, financing the purchase.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Ballard Company was engaged in the office
furniture, wood and steel filing cabinets, and office supply business, with a
storefront location at 1340 G Street, NW.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It is likely that they utilized the former studio as storage space, as
no persons were listed at the address in the yearly City Directories during
their tenure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The
Ballard Company defaulted on their loan, however, and the studio building
reverted to its former owners, the Williams’s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They eventually sold it to Catherine Wygood, on January 13, 1947.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She in turn sold it on February 23, 1954 to
Jocelyn Ball Baxter. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She owned the house
at 1749 18<sup>th</sup> Street, and ran it as an apartment house, according to
the Haines Directory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>There is no
evidence, however, that the former studio was used as housing during her tenure
of ownership.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>Several liens by the city government
were paid on the property in 1994, and Baxter’s estate sold the former studio
on December 11, 1998 </span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgasoVAdFd9d6HAyfx9ryg8QlTbN8PaPM2GdvzP5XW0UxG4FLxZ0k7xematX8W4J1Z_S8p9vA-7Uwfpcl50b_PN-wzvxA9o0c_EZSyijy8CagSxIGldWdQ6OgZBxThgKuCO-xDJkg/s1600/Library_of_Congress_Keystone_Portrait_Lakota_Che-ta-wau-kou-va-ma-ni%252C_%2527The_Hawk_That_Hunts_Walking%2527_or_Lakota_Chief_Ito-na-gaju%252C_%2527Rain_In_The_Face%2527+_%2528Washington%252C_DC%2529_%2528292984768%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="801" data-original-width="1024" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgasoVAdFd9d6HAyfx9ryg8QlTbN8PaPM2GdvzP5XW0UxG4FLxZ0k7xematX8W4J1Z_S8p9vA-7Uwfpcl50b_PN-wzvxA9o0c_EZSyijy8CagSxIGldWdQ6OgZBxThgKuCO-xDJkg/s320/Library_of_Congress_Keystone_Portrait_Lakota_Che-ta-wau-kou-va-ma-ni%252C_%2527The_Hawk_That_Hunts_Walking%2527_or_Lakota_Chief_Ito-na-gaju%252C_%2527Rain_In_The_Face%2527+_%2528Washington%252C_DC%2529_%2528292984768%2529.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Ellicott’s Selected Works:</b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Abraham Lincoln, plaster, current whereabouts unknown, ca. 1866.
Exhibited in United States Capitol rotunda, 1866-68.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Goddess of Commerce, Goddess of Protection, Goddess of Mechanism,
zinc, atop New England Mutual Life Insurance Building, Boston, Massachusetts,
1875, Nathaniel Jeremiah Bradlee, architect (demolished 1946).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The figure group was once the symbol of the
company, but the statues were melted down in a World War II scrap-metal drive.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Recording Angel, atop Thomas P. Duncan Mausoleum, Union Dale Cemetery,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1880, Theophilus Parsons Chandler, Jr., architect.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Bas-relief portrait of John Sartain, bronze, Pennsylvania Academy of
the Fine Arts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, ca. 1888.</div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Architectural sculpture: 33 Keystones (Ethnological Heads), granite,
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1891 (above). Carved by Ellicott and
William Boyd.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Bust of George M. Dallas, marble, United States Senate Vice
Presidential Bust Collection, United States Capitol, Washington, D.C., 1893.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Francis Elias Spinner, bronze, Myers Park, Herkimer, New York, 1894.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Zebulon Baird Vance Monument, bronze, North Carolina State Capitol,
Raleigh, North Carolina, 1899-1900.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Bust of Rear-Admiral George W. Melville, bronze, United States Naval
Academy Museum, Annapolis, Maryland.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWKEYbyVIp2EIQsqvepVYenUqn2hcnRToJxCqi1rRipdaTg-TDrF6BY3bCzk69h_4Z8NuyjWiL36TJdV2myoDrOiXm90ILjfMA6tjm0kA4t2gcxwsS1k79Jc6Q7kj4WSMUCeTBww/s1600/handcock.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="562" data-original-width="421" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWKEYbyVIp2EIQsqvepVYenUqn2hcnRToJxCqi1rRipdaTg-TDrF6BY3bCzk69h_4Z8NuyjWiL36TJdV2myoDrOiXm90ILjfMA6tjm0kA4t2gcxwsS1k79Jc6Q7kj4WSMUCeTBww/s320/handcock.jpg" width="239" /></a><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Civil
War Monuments:</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Goddess of Victory, bronze, atop Soldiers' Monument, Veterans Park,
Holyoke, Massachusetts, 1875-76.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Colonel James Cameron, granite with brass sword, Civil War Monument,
Cameron Park, Sunbury, Pennsylvania, 1879.[12]</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Infantryman, bronze, Civil War Monument, Lawrence, Massachusetts,
1881. The Sailor and Cavalry Officer figures were modeled by William Rudolf
O'Donovan.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Cavalryman, bronze, 2nd Pennsylvania Cavalry Monument, Gettysburg
Battlefield, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1887-89.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Kneeling Cavalryman, bronze, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry Monument,
Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1889-90.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Equestrian statue of General Winfield Scott Hancock, bronze,
Washington, D.C., 1889-96 (left).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>- Equestrian statue of General George B. McClellan, bronze, City Hall,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1891-94.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
Copyright Paul K. Williams</div>
<br />
<br />
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><br clear="all" />
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
An 1896 New York Times article implies that the 16-year-old Ellicott was
present at the July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg.</div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
<i>National Cyclopaedia of American Biography</i> (1904).</div>
</div>
</div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01849 18th St NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA38.915478 -77.04162029999997713.3934435 -118.35021429999998 64.4375125 -35.733026299999977tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-80752852367585073022018-11-12T16:15:00.000-05:002018-11-12T16:15:33.867-05:00330 T Street, NW, Part Deux<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 13.5pt; tab-stops: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ7174L5kl7WVUh5cyV3X1tgJQ6n8p16yjsDjgeknC9Uz5wywy2k-Z0hVqcxHjWsaDOD2WwYWkrjb3eKGQSCQEPgvbVZ9QXdLwM4qh27cYTGdy0saFUvKv3s__54u7m0IyH6MgrA/s1600/IMG_9451.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZ7174L5kl7WVUh5cyV3X1tgJQ6n8p16yjsDjgeknC9Uz5wywy2k-Z0hVqcxHjWsaDOD2WwYWkrjb3eKGQSCQEPgvbVZ9QXdLwM4qh27cYTGdy0saFUvKv3s__54u7m0IyH6MgrA/s320/IMG_9451.JPG" width="240" /></a> A few months ago, we brought you the story of one of the owners of 330 T Street, NW, in LeDroit Park, the prominent African-American lawyer Fountain Peyton. <a href="https://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2018/02/330-t-street-nw-in-ledroit-park-owned.html" target="_blank">You can read it here</a>. Today, we'll focus on the original owner, Charles A. White, who had the house built in 1880.<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-no-proof: yes;"> White listed
builder Fred W. Pilling as responsible for its construction, but neglected to
list an architect responsible for its design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The estimated cost of construction was $5,000, about twice that of the
typical townhouse being built in Washington, DC at the time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>William Pilling was the builder.</span></div>
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Dr. Charles Asbiathar
White and his family moved into 330 T Street upon its completion, likely in
late 1880 or early 1881.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would
continue to own and reside at the residence for the next twenty-eight years,
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"></span>White was the son of Abiathar
White (1793-1849) and Nancy Corey (1795-1851) and had been born on January 26,
1826 in Taunton, Massachusetts.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He and
his wife, the former Charlotte R. Pilkington (1829-1902) whom he married on
September 5, 1848 had a total of five children together.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They included James Albert (1849-1921),
Charles (born 1853), Gertrude (born 1858), Marian (born 1866), and Leonard
(born 1872).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The family was first
enumerated at 330 T Street in the 1900 census. 1<br />
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-no-proof: yes;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></span></a>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Their two
youngest children, Marian and Leonard, then ages 33 and 27 respectively, were
single and living at the house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Marian
indicated that she was employed as a school teacher, and Leonard revealed that
he worked as a dentist.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>White owned the
house free and clear of a mortgage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>White authored a total of 236 books
during his long career in geology, paleontology, and biology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In July of 1911, the National Academy of
Sciences journal contained a biographical memoir of Charles A. White (below) written by
William H. Dall utilizing notes that White wrote himself.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It nicely summarized both his personal life
and his long professional career.<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It read:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">The<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>first<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>American<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>ancestor<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>subject<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>memoir</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>William<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>White,<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>Boston,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Mass.,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>settled<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>what<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>was</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">then called<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Windmill<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>Point,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>1640.<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>William's<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;">
</span>grandson,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 112%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">Cornelius<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> W</span>hite,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>purchased<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>tract<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>land<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>Taunton,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> M</span>ass.,</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 112%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">as<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>homestead,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>part<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>extended<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt;"> </span>within<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">adjacent</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.05pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 108%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">town<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>Dighton.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>Here<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>Cornelius<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>moved<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>about<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 115%;">1700,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">and <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt; mso-font-width: 110%;">suc</span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">cessive<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>generations<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>bearing<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>name<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>owned<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>occupied</span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>farm<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>ever<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>since.<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;">
</span>So<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>attached<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>home<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>were<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>members<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>family<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;">
</span>that,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>according<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>notes<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>Doctor<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;">
W</span>hite</span><span style="mso-font-width: 120%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">(which<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>largely<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>utilized<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>preparing<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>memoir),</span><span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">for<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>five<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>generations<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>no<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>member<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>family<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>ever<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>strayed<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>fifty</span><span style="mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">miles<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>original<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>homestead.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial; mso-font-width: 110%;">In<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>local<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>public<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;">
</span>affairs</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 113%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>community,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>however,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;">
</span>they<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>are<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>recorded<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;">
</span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>having taken<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>active<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>part.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>The<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>great-grandfather<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>Dr.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> W</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">hite,</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.35pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 92%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">Cornelius<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> W</span>hite,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;">
</span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>captain<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>o</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">f<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">militia<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>during<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>some<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>the</span><span style="mso-font-width: 108%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">colonial<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>wars<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>time,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>breaking<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;">
</span>out<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>war of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>independence<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>member<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>"Committee<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> o</span></span>f<span style="mso-font-width: 81%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">Inspection,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>Correspondence,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>Safety,"<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>organized<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>promote<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>patriot<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">cause.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>His<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>son,<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>Cornelius, ju</span>n<span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">ior, though</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt; mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">barely<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>twenty<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;">
</span>years<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>old,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>enlisted<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>Revolutionary<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>forces</span><span style="mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">immediately<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>after<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>battle<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>Lexington.
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>After<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>success</span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>struggle<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>returned<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>their<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>Dighton farm. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">Abiathar W</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">hite,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>son<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>Cornelius<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;">
W</span>hite,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>junior,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>married<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">
</span>Nancy,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>daughter<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>Daniel<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>Corey,<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>Dighton.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>Their<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>second<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>son,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>born<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>at</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 111%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">Dighton<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>January
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">26, </i>1826,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>was named Charles Abiathar and</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">is<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>subject<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;">
</span>of this<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>memoir.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>1838,<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>family<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>removed<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>to
settle at<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>t<span style="letter-spacing: -1.3pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>site<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;">Burlington</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>Iowa<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>Territory.
There, <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">s</span>ubject<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>to the<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>hard complications<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>pioneer<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>life<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>small
and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>irregular opportunities</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">for<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>education,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>boy<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>grew<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>manhood.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>Doubtless <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>bias</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 104%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">toward<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>study<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>nature<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>inborn,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>but<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>life<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>a <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>new</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">country<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>full<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>birds
<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>animals<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;">
</span>differing<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>which</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 101%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>accustomed<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>earlier<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>years<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> M</span>assachusetts<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>must</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 108%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">have been<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>full<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>interest<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>youth <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>entering <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>on <span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>his <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>teens.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 108%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">The<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>richness<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>of the rocks<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>of the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>region
in well<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;">-preserved</span> and attractive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>fossils<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">
</span>may<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>well<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>have<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>sti<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">m</span>ulus<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>toward
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;">the</span></span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 108%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 112%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">career<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>which he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;">
</span>finally entered.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">On<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>attaining<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">ma</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">jority</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>1847,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>he
revisited the east<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>and</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 108%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>following<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">
</span>year<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>married to<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>schoolmate<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;">
</span>of his<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>childhood,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>Charlotte R.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>Pilkington, daughter of <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">James</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;">Pilkington</span>,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 111%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>Dighton.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>This<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>union<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>proved
ideal, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;">and</span> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;">nearly</span> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;">fifty</span>-four</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 114%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">years<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>happy<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>married<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>life<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>granted<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>them <span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">before</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>death</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">of <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>beloved <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">wife</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>mother, July 16, 1902</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 120%;">.</span></div>
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<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">His<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>eastern<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>travel<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>experiences,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>meeting<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;">
</span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>scientific<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>men<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>clay,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> gr</span>eatly<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">stimulated</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>h<span style="letter-spacing: -1.5pt;"> </span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>inherent<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;">
</span>love<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>of</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">nature.<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>He<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>returned<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>young<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>wife<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>to <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">Burlington</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>in</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">1849,<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>then<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>began<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>systematic<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>study<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>natural<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>history</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>region<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>lived.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9gNsfCM9Tmlu3uUOn0oS2ScbxaImPMM_qfB_6r4XW33YEac691GSpUJfxbLJqogpjP59Qh4UOlIWRNCmLa8QrGy0-_w5qozju27bVhm9uIGkumPSQEEEcgxfIBDtajHS-kAxlvw/s1600/White+1911+Bio+pic.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="697" data-original-width="469" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9gNsfCM9Tmlu3uUOn0oS2ScbxaImPMM_qfB_6r4XW33YEac691GSpUJfxbLJqogpjP59Qh4UOlIWRNCmLa8QrGy0-_w5qozju27bVhm9uIGkumPSQEEEcgxfIBDtajHS-kAxlvw/s320/White+1911+Bio+pic.jpg" width="215" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">In<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>clays,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>when<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>purely<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;">
</span>scientific<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>career<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>almost</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">unknown<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>America<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>reserved<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>for<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>whose<span style="letter-spacing: 2.6pt;"> </span>financial</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 104%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">situation<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>rendered<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;">
</span>them<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>more<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>less<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>independent,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>in</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">evitable<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>resource<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>average<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>student<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>found<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">stud</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">y</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 81%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">and<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>practice<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>medicine.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">He<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>began<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>studies<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>few<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>years<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>after<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>return<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>Iowa,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 111%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">entering, as<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>was then the practice, the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>office of S.S.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>Ransom, </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">M.<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>D.,<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>leading<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;">
</span>practitioner,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>medical
student. <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Having</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 113%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">been<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>known<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>preceptor<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">
</span>since<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>boyhood,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>received<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>cordial</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">aid<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>encouragement in his studies. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>These
were followed</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">by<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>full<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>course<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>lectures<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> Me</span>dical<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;">
</span>School<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>Michigan<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;">
</span>University<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>period<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>study<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>Rush<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>Medical</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">College<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Chicago,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;">
</span>is<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>now<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>medical<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>department<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>of</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>University<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>Chicago.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> After</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>received the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>degree<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>of</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">doctor<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>medicine.<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> His studies </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>geology<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>fossils</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>Iowa<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>became<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>known<span style="letter-spacing: 2.5pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>Prof.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>James<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> Hall</span>,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>Albany, state</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 111%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">geologist<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> Ne</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;">w</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>York,<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>induced<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>him<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>accept<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>an<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> invitation</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">as<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>assistant, which<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>Dr.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> W</span>hite<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>held<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">du</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">ring</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>1862<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>1863.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">As<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>assistants<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>pupil<span style="letter-spacing: -1.0pt;"> </span>s<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>masterful<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>and eager<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>paleontologist, friction developed in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>course<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>time,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>1864 Dr.<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>White<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>returned<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>Iowa<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>entered<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>upon<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>the
practice<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>medicine<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>Iowa<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>City.</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">The<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>desirability<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>geological<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>survey<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>state<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>become<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>evident<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>progressive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>citizens<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>Iowa,<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>1866,<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;"> </span>such</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">a<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>survey<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>established<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>legislature.<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>Dr. <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;">W</span>hite received<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>appointment<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>state<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>geologist<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>entered<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>upon<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>his
duties in this capacity in April 1866.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The survey continued for four years, issuing two volumes of reports on
the economic and structural geology, but came to an end by the failure of the
legislature to appropriate funds for its support, in 1870.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">In<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>1866<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>received<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>honorary<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>degree of master of arts</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 119%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">from<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>Iowa<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>College,<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>1867<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>appointed<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>professorship<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>natural<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>history <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>in <span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Iowa <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>State <span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>University, <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>giving</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">part<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>time to the university <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>du<span style="letter-spacing: -.9pt;"> </span>ring <span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>continuance <span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>of</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>state<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>survey,<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>and <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>afterward <span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>taking<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>up<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>whole <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">d</span>uty
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>of</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>professorship.<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> I</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">n<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">1873,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>accepted<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>call<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>similar<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;">
</span>professorship<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span></span>i<span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">n <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">Bowdoi</span>n
College and removed with his fami<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">l</span>y</span><span style="mso-font-width: 91%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">to
Brunswick, Maine.</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">In<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>addition<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;">
</span>to his colle<span style="letter-spacing: -.4pt;">ge</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;">duties</span>, at the request of Lieut. G.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>M.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> W</span>heeler,<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>U.<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>S.<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>A.,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>charge<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>government<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>surveys</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">west<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>moth<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>meridian,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;">
</span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>undertook,<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>1874,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>publication
of <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>paleontology <span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;">of</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">that</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">survey</span>.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bxgRIY_wKtZuAOjC3FjY2FEG4dqKMhdqkYNBRtm-lz740YNlrGWWfqszdueYXSYAbZWe-HqswDLs9noMazTcAom6Fv4ak5x-rO89kyRpZ3XD4Vk7wi4rBunYS7UCzyuOtOv-VA/s1600/IMG_9452.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0bxgRIY_wKtZuAOjC3FjY2FEG4dqKMhdqkYNBRtm-lz740YNlrGWWfqszdueYXSYAbZWe-HqswDLs9noMazTcAom6Fv4ak5x-rO89kyRpZ3XD4Vk7wi4rBunYS7UCzyuOtOv-VA/s320/IMG_9452.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">The<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>activities
of<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>various governmental <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">surveys
of that period, more or less in a rivalry with each other as to the production
of scientific results, afforded greater opportunities for research work in
those lines than ever before. An opening presenting itself for such work, far
more congenial to him than teaching, led Dr. White to resign his professorship
and join the U.S. Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region, directed by
Major J.W. Powell, in 1875.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
following year, he was appointed by Dr. F.V. Hayden, directing the U.S.
Geological Survey of the Territories, to complete and edit unfinished
paleontological work left at the death of E.B. Meck, in 1876. </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">He<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>remained<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>with<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>Hayden<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>Survey<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>until<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>it<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>was</span><span style="mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">suspended<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>1879.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> At </span>this<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;">
</span>time<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">appointed </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>the</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">salaried<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>curators<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>U.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>S.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>National<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;">
</span>Museum,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>general</span><span style="mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">charge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>of the paleontological collection.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">In<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>1882<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>geological<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>work of the<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>government was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>reorganized
<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>as
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the
<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>United
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>States
<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Geological
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Survey,
<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>under
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Clarence<span style="mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span>King<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>as<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>director, <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>and Dr. <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;">W</span>hite was engaged <span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>as <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>geologist by<span style="mso-font-width: 97%;"> </span>the <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>survey, continuing <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>in
its <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>service
until<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>his resignation in<span style="mso-font-width: 99%;"> 1892</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>During <span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">1882,</span> he was<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>detailed
as<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>chief of a commission on artesian
wells in the Great Plains, organized by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After his return to his
regular duties, he was requested by the director of the National Mu<span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">seum<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>Brazil<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>prepare<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;">
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>report<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>on<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>collections<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span>Mesozoic
fossils<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;">, which</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>had<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>by<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>members<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;">
</span>of the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>Brazilian</span><span style="mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">Geological
S<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;">u</span>rvey. <span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>report was<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>published<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>the
Archives</span><span style="mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>Museum<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>Rio,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> in</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>both<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>Portuguese<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>and English, in</span><span style="mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">1887.</span></span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">Dr. T.W. Stanton, in a
review of Dr. White’s work and his services to the U.S. National Museum,
prepared for the Annual Report, has the following remarks:</span></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 105%;">Du<span style="letter-spacing: -.7pt;"> </span>ring<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>all<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>years<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>Dr.<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>White's
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>service
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>with
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>various
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>government<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>surveys <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>his <span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>office <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>work <span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>was <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>done <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>in <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>National
<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Museum,
where</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 105%;">he<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>actively<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>connected <span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>with <span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>ca<span style="letter-spacing: -.95pt;"> </span>re <span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>and <span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>preservation <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>of <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>collection
<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>invertebrate<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>fossils to which<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>field<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>work so largely contributed. <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>He
came to the institution at a<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>critical
period in the history</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 112%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 105%;">of<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>its<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> paleontological collections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Professor<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>F.<span style="letter-spacing: -.8pt;"> </span>B.<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> M</span>eek,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> had </span>long<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">
</span>had</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 110%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-font-width: 105%;">charge<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>of <span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>them, <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>had <span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>recently <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>died <span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>and <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>new <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>material
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>was
<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>rapidly
<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>coming
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 120%;">from<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>various<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">su</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">r</span>veys<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;">a</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">nd</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.6pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 120%;">.<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">exploring</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>expeditions<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span></span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 120%;">the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>western</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt; mso-font-width: 110%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 120%;">territories.<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> D</span>r.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> White</span></span> <span style="mso-font-width: 120%;">immediately<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>took<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>np<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span></span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 120%;">properl</span>y<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 120%;">car</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;">i</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">ng</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">for the collections, at first unofficially
and afterward as curator.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His intimate acquaintance
with Professor Meek and his work, his knowledge of the subject and his
systematic, painstaking habits enabled him to render invaluable service at that
time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scattered types were recognized,
cataloged, and fully labeled; those that had not been illustrated were figured,
and the records and collections of the whole department were systemized.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After retiring from the active duties of a curatorship,
he continued his connection with the National Museum as associate in
paleontology.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">He<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>one<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>founders<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>the
G<span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">eolog</span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">ical</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Societ</span><span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">y</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>America.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>T</span>he
State University <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;">o</span><span style="mso-font-width: 80%;">f Iowa</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;">conferred</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">in</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;">
1893 the degree </span>o<span style="letter-spacing: -1.05pt;">f</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-font-width: 80%;"> </span>doctor of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">la</span><span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">ws,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> honoris
causa. He was </span>president of the Biological Society <span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;">of</span> Washington<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>during the years <span style="letter-spacing: .4pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">1</span><span style="letter-spacing: .2pt; mso-font-width: 105%;">883</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt; mso-font-width: 105%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> 1884.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He joined the American Association for the
Advancement of Science in 1868, later becoming a fellow, and was elected
vice-president for the section of geology in 1888.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1889, he was elected a foreign member of
the Geological Society of London.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">A</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;">f<span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">ter<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>Dr.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> W</span>hite's<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;">
</span>retirement<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>from<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>active<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;">
</span>service,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>employed<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;">
</span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>partly <span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">in</span>
botanical <span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;">studies</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;">and</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;">to</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">some</span> <span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">extent</span></span><span style="mso-font-width: 112%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>popular<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>reminiscent<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>contributions<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>periodicals.<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>He</span><span style="mso-font-width: 97%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">prepared<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>biographical<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>memoirs<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>deceased<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>friends,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>three<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>of</span><span style="mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 105%;">whom, <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">Meek, Engelmann, and Newberry, were members of </span></span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">t<span style="letter-spacing: -1.6pt;">h</span>e<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> A</span>cademy,<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;">
</span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>similar<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>ways<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>utilized<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;">
</span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> o</span>f<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>waiting</span><span style="mso-font-width: 111%;">, which</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt; mso-font-width: 110%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">comes<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>most<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>men<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>who<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>pass<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>three<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>score<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>ten.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>Up</span><span style="mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>short<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>time<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>before<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span>end,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>remarkably<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>alert,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>active,</span><span style="mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>interested<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>progress<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;">
</span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>favorite<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>branches<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> </span>of</span><span style="mso-font-width: 102%;">
</span><span style="mso-font-width: 110%;">science.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 110%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 44.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">He<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>died<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>June<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">29,<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span></i>1910,<span style="letter-spacing: -.45pt;">
</span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>Washington,<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>D.<span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;"> </span>C.,<span style="letter-spacing: -.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>remains</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 108%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">are interred<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>at<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>Rock<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>Creek<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>Cemetery.<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt;"> </span>eight<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>children,<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;">
</span>four</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 114%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;">sons<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>two<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>daughters<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>survive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;">
</span>him.</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi;"></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">The<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>character<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>Dr.<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> W</span>hite's<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>li<span style="letter-spacing: -1.05pt;"> </span>f<span style="letter-spacing: -1.1pt;"> </span>e<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>can<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>best
<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>be
<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>under</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 111%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">stood<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>through<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;">
</span>an<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>examination<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>the
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>accompanying
<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>bibliography,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>which,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"> </span>however,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;">
</span>no<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>attempt<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>has<span style="letter-spacing: 1.95pt;"> </span>been<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>include</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">fugitive<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>papers<span style="letter-spacing: 1.75pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>daily<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>or<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>weekly<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"> </span>press<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>or <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>other <span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>similar</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">matter <span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>not<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;">
</span>of <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>scientific<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>importance.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-no-proof: yes;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 111%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 31.5pt; margin-right: 44.0pt; margin-top: 0in; mso-pagination: none; text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">In<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>general,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>engaged<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>pioneer<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>descriptive<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>work<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>in</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 99%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">paleontology<span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>geology,<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>which<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>he
did <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">with</span> <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;">care</span>, <span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;">precision</span>,</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 106%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">and clearness. <span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>later works,<span style="letter-spacing: 2.0pt;"> </span>the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>a</span>ttempt<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>to<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>treat
<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;">his</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;">
</span>data</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 113%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">philosophically <span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;">is</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>very evident. <span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>The<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>mass<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>publications</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 103%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">is<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>very<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>considerable.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"> </span>Among<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>those<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>especially<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">
</span>use<span style="letter-spacing: -.3pt;"> </span>fill<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>lo<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>later</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 110%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">students<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>are his summaries of <span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;">American</span> non-marine <span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;">fossils</span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 104%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">and<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>American <span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;">fossil</span>
<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;">Ostreidae</span>. <span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>He traveled extensively</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 107%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">abroad<span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>made<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>acquaintance<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>of<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>many<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>foreign<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;">
</span>paleontologists, with whom he maintained<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>friendly <span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;">relations</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Much
of<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>his<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>correspondence<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>and<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"> </span>other<span style="letter-spacing: .1pt;"> </span>papers
<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>and
<span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>articles
<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>of
<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>interest</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 109%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: .9pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">a</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">rc <span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>deposited <span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>in <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the <span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>State
<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Historical
<span style="letter-spacing: 2.25pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>Department<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt;"> </span>of<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Iowa <span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>at</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 111%;"> Des
Moines; as</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">, <span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>though from 1876 a <span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>resident
of <span style="letter-spacing: .15pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>the
ci<span style="letter-spacing: -1.35pt;"> </span></span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 85%;">t<span style="letter-spacing: -.5pt;"> </span>y </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">of Washington,<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>he<span style="letter-spacing: 1.8pt;"> preserved
</span>a<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>st<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;">u</span>rdy<span style="letter-spacing: 2.4pt;"> </span>pride<span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>the<span style="letter-spacing: 2.3pt;"> </span>state<span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt;"> </span>in<span style="letter-spacing: .05pt;"> </span>which</span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-width: 105%;">the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>formative<span style="letter-spacing: 2.1pt;"> </span>period of his<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>life was<span style="letter-spacing: 1.7pt;"> </span>passed.
[End]</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGZbL82lxfT3isaALTDj7gr4n1SjP6Y7X3bo1pWe5pWEUjRVCg-Mn8klg6O4xLI3XF7hD28zbGJUOrP1e6mdQG63TO2mGWkWSWONclS9DuQvLBkle8DxTjR-0UWtqBvDKhmVJkiQ/s1600/peak.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGZbL82lxfT3isaALTDj7gr4n1SjP6Y7X3bo1pWe5pWEUjRVCg-Mn8klg6O4xLI3XF7hD28zbGJUOrP1e6mdQG63TO2mGWkWSWONclS9DuQvLBkle8DxTjR-0UWtqBvDKhmVJkiQ/s320/peak.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Interestingly, Abiathar Peak in
Yellowstone National Park was named in Dr. White’s honor in 1885 by members of
the Arnold Hague Geological Survey. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
very brief mention in a real estate report in the Washington Post July 14, 1908
edition revealed that White sold the house “to a person that will occupy it as
a home.”</div>
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
The house was apparently still under construction when the 1880 census was
taken, and the 1890 census was nearly completely destroyed by a fire in the
Commerce Building in 1921.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
“Biographical Memoir of Charles Abiathar White” by William H. Dall, National
Academy of Sciences, Vol. VII, July 1911.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Copyright Paul K. Williams </span></div>
</div>
</div>
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0330 T St NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA38.9157294 -77.01715580000001238.915536399999993 -77.017470800000012 38.9159224 -77.016840800000011tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-2022391390200844862018-07-18T11:35:00.003-04:002018-07-18T11:35:29.493-04:00Our Typical House History: The story behind 3120 Woodland Drive, NW<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Music Stores, Newport Socialites, and even the Lebanese Government </div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDsnUoPxHivNVaeSllwVTPwX_jVQ3J6jUI0j_v9zGLJyEWwCVbzTrpNwdWIRmFOh06ElXCqsf74jdyzrcAcQB1JYgfAfPmrJF5ND8tlgeD6SXVbtFQfxCjNzmbDQ_yNkpa3zDF9A/s1600/exterior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="441" data-original-width="665" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDsnUoPxHivNVaeSllwVTPwX_jVQ3J6jUI0j_v9zGLJyEWwCVbzTrpNwdWIRmFOh06ElXCqsf74jdyzrcAcQB1JYgfAfPmrJF5ND8tlgeD6SXVbtFQfxCjNzmbDQ_yNkpa3zDF9A/s640/exterior.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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People often ask for a sample of one of our typical "house histories," so we obtained permission from the Real Estate company that commissioned a history of <a href="https://www.estately.com/listings/info/3120-woodland-drive-nw--3" target="_blank">3120 Woodland Drive, NW</a> to post the early history of the house on our blog. We didn't post here the many images of census records and newspaper mentions nor more recent aspects to protect the privacy of the more recent owners. We also didn't include here a section on the architects nor the neighborhood history that is part of the bound booklet provided to owners. Therefore, the history reads in part:</div>
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<br /></div>
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The owner of the vacant lots where 3120
Woodland Drive was to be constructed, George S. Silbee, applied for and was
granted an <i>Application for Permit to Build</i> numbered 2170 for its
construction on September 10, 1923.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
listed the architectural firm of Porter & Lockie as responsible for its
design, which was to be constructed by the Charles A. Langley building
company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He indicated the cost of the
dwelling to be $40,000, a substantial sum for the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Bell MT",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The building permit
indicated that the house was to be constructed on solid land atop a foundation
composed of concrete.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It would measure
thirty-seven feet deep by eight-one feet wide.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The three story houses would feature a brick exterior and a slate
roof.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>External brick walls were to be
thirteen inches thick on the ground floor, and nine inches thick on upper
levels.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The home was to be heated by a
hot water system utilizing radiators.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It
was built on lot 2 on Square 2124.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="font-family: "Bell MT",serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span>Owner and builder George S. Silsbee had a
lawyer for his real estate development company named George H. Lamar as his
representative when the house was sold to its first owners, Homer L. and Jessie
E. Kitt.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They purchased the house on September
26, 1925.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house was later put into
Jessie Kitt’s name, on January 1, 1933.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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The Kitts had moved into
the house from a wood frame residence they had built in 1921 at 3407
Huntington, Street, NW at the cost of $10,000. <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Homer Lemar Kitt (1880-1944)
got his first job in a piano factory in his native Indiana and became a leader
in the Washington music business after moving here in 1916 to work for the
Arthur Jordan Piano Company.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His own Kitt
music store opened in 1922, seen below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUiIQqfu4WSYOs3E8ZGWQ20Mp4ebZMyQNw9BjKjT4aWdHSe970cxspucgyDww1aRTRskFvdNKVQmUEro-gV7WQNlZQXe3pz5dHPBBjpZxdOSA6j6r7frZwNiGXK7JZ83e8DbTuug/s1600/kitts+music.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="496" data-original-width="640" height="496" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUiIQqfu4WSYOs3E8ZGWQ20Mp4ebZMyQNw9BjKjT4aWdHSe970cxspucgyDww1aRTRskFvdNKVQmUEro-gV7WQNlZQXe3pz5dHPBBjpZxdOSA6j6r7frZwNiGXK7JZ83e8DbTuug/s640/kitts+music.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Kitts Music Store, 13th and G Streets, NW</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-indent: .5in;">
<br clear="ALL" style="mso-ignore: vglayout;" />
<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">Kitt, below left, had been born on
March 3, 1880 in Clear Creek, Huntington, Indiana, the son of Obadiah Kitt
(1850-1915), and Saloma Ann Stahl (1852-1926).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He married Jessie Elizabeth Webber on April 4, 1906, and they had two
children together, twins Elizabeth Webber Kitt and Marjorie, born in 1912.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The family was enumerated at the house in the
1930 census, which reveals that daughter Marjorie either did not survive
childhood, or had moved out of the house by age 17.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kitt estimated that the house was then worth
$100,000, a substantial increase over the construction cost of $40,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The family enjoyed a radio in the house, one
of the more unusual questions asked of occupants that year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also had two live in servants including
a 28 year old German born maid named<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Marguarite Nerbuhn and 27 year old Maryland native George Mack, who
worked as a butler.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiR2P89flte9A3OGM-KTysZGhftjQ2XRDEaPbrMsldLkxTTzJ2zKtTFdh23LWXK9sJZvEz9pvOnF4XvpSM0gZEA8TqPLIohA-LLI_YmK3rAFYFZVgj8icCA7uGPcQBV_Up_5oYGw/s1600/kitt+ancestry.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="602" data-original-width="452" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiR2P89flte9A3OGM-KTysZGhftjQ2XRDEaPbrMsldLkxTTzJ2zKtTFdh23LWXK9sJZvEz9pvOnF4XvpSM0gZEA8TqPLIohA-LLI_YmK3rAFYFZVgj8icCA7uGPcQBV_Up_5oYGw/s320/kitt+ancestry.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="text-indent: .5in;">
Homer L. Kitt was originally in the music business
in Chicago, before founding the Kitt’s Music Company in Washington, DC in
1922.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its successor is celebrating over
a century in continuous operation. The first store was located on 13th and G
Streets NW, just down the street from the White House (previous page, at an
unknown event in the 1930s). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-indent: .5in;">
The individual that prompted Kitt to move to
Washington, DC was Arthur Jordan, a successful businessman in Indianapolis in
the late 1800s, involved in the poultry, egg, and butter business, and,
according to lore, was the first man to ship a trainload of poultry from
Indianapolis to New York City. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At one
point he owned scores of packing and cold storage plants in Indiana, Illinois,
Kentucky, and Ohio, before selling out in 1903. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He then became involved in a number of other
manufacturing, retailing, and life insurance ventures, while also investing in
Washington, D.C., real estate, including a building on the corner of 13th
Street and G Street, home to the Juelg Piano Company.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
In 1912 Juelg was on the verge of going out of business, and when
Jordan acquired it he renamed it The Jordan Piano company. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1916 he persuaded his friend Homer L. Kitt,
who had his own music business in Chicago, to move to Washington, D.C., to
become general manager and run the retail store. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Kitt was soon taken on as a partner. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to pianos, the store<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode";">’</span>s merchandise
included reed organs and other musical instruments as well as sheet music and
the phonograph, still in its infancy.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
Jordan Piano would also ride the wave of popularity of the player
piano, which enjoyed booming sales in the 1920s and prompted the company to
open branch stores, including one in Richmond, Virginia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jordan and Kitt also expanded their operations
to another corner of 13th and G streets. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In August 1922 they acquired Knabe Warerooms,
Inc., which primarily sold Knabe pianos, a venerable German brand, as well as
other high-end instruments. Officially, the buyer of Knabe was the newly formed
Homer L. Kitt Company. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jordan<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode";">’</span>s involvement was
kept from the public, the newspaper reporting that the firm had $200,000 in
capital supplied by Kitt and his partners, prominent area businessmen C. N. Hopkins
and H. R. Appold. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to
carrying Knabe pianos as its main line, the Homer L. Kitt Company also
indicated that it planned to add <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode";">“</span>talking
machines<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode";">”</span> to
its inventory.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKjWr5l7hlSdZVvfsKLtPN4kecAhdqGAneZAx1lh27gX3Yo1hapynY-zrg1wruoaxETY9AqDKx7LqR8a97O4HYA6IJCZlZNIAQjKmEyzG7uy_P9u3zekWqDRh0VfE0eP3lsntdcg/s1600/Kitt+passport.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1330" data-original-width="1600" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKjWr5l7hlSdZVvfsKLtPN4kecAhdqGAneZAx1lh27gX3Yo1hapynY-zrg1wruoaxETY9AqDKx7LqR8a97O4HYA6IJCZlZNIAQjKmEyzG7uy_P9u3zekWqDRh0VfE0eP3lsntdcg/s320/Kitt+passport.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
An image from Homer Kitts passport application appears at
right, when he had planned a recreational trip to Cuba in December of 1919.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
For more than 60 years Jordan Piano and Homer Kitt Piano operated
independently, though covertly joint-owned. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They carried different lines of instruments
and operated under separate management, and their salespeople became fierce
rivals, loathe to lose a sale to the business across the street. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both suffered through the <a href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/united-states-and-canada/us-history/great-depression"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Great
Depression</span></a> of the 1930s, cutting costs and adding any products that
might bring a sale, including radios and refrigerators. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the meantime, Arthur Jordan created the
Arthur Jordan Foundation in 1928 to administer his philanthropic endeavors, and
when he passed away in 1934 his interest in both piano companies was
transferred to the charitable foundation.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirjq5ObMpF-EdnIPiLQUGZDg_fIYMzrsSKHYAVdF189VOgxHlKXZZ1s_E4rVrmupVgDXwPcYq9W14ZWrthEL0a-HGDJ5uPv9A05fFLCu-GqgLAGcstUtKYATVc2WQyY97_vKSroQ/s1600/marquee-2ac9e55d4e729ad73e161647280c2b01.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="103" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirjq5ObMpF-EdnIPiLQUGZDg_fIYMzrsSKHYAVdF189VOgxHlKXZZ1s_E4rVrmupVgDXwPcYq9W14ZWrthEL0a-HGDJ5uPv9A05fFLCu-GqgLAGcstUtKYATVc2WQyY97_vKSroQ/s320/marquee-2ac9e55d4e729ad73e161647280c2b01.png" width="164" /></a>
The 1930s also saw the Kitt store a victim of arson. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the early morning hours of September 14,
1938, fire trucks were called to the scene to put out a blaze that a subsequent
investigation revealed had been set separately in the basement and the first
two floors. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Two earlier attempts,
according to press reports, had been made to set the building on fire. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The blaze caused $50,000 in damages, including
$15,000 worth of sheet music, most of which was covered by insurance. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some of the firemen who responded to the call,
however, were injured. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One man had a hand
cut by falling glass, a battalion chief was briefly overcome by gas in the
basement, and a firefighter named Buck Wright reportedly lost his false teeth.
The store reopened for business a day later and eventually its damaged Spanish
facade was replaced by an art deco design that was in vogue (right).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
Kitt died in 1943, and the Arthur Jordan Foundation became
sole owner of the cousin piano companies, both of which barely scraped by due
to World War II, when supplies of pianos were disrupted as manufacturing
focused on the war effort. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Before his
passing, Kitt had in fact done his part in the war effort, opening a Music
Canteen, as well as offering free repair services and practice space to
instrument-playing servicemen. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Replacing
Kitt as general manager was his secretary, Frances Jones. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Business picked up following the war as the
economy soared and returning servicemen raised families and bought homes, many
of which included a piano.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj024T8w4d61j6n1ylandafungDbVwWtzHi7gicruv53at6ffrcE2f0802naSrv4mu7VjnmQJiyzqDQpMVNw-acOJTeMLec9iR_c6iFqJt7fZDjrFdK2V00g1H9ro7jFirnD3fkRA/s1600/1929+Aug+9+WP+Kitt+daughter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="779" data-original-width="203" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj024T8w4d61j6n1ylandafungDbVwWtzHi7gicruv53at6ffrcE2f0802naSrv4mu7VjnmQJiyzqDQpMVNw-acOJTeMLec9iR_c6iFqJt7fZDjrFdK2V00g1H9ro7jFirnD3fkRA/s400/1929+Aug+9+WP+Kitt+daughter.jpg" width="103" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-indent: .5in;">
While the Jordan and Kitt stores had become the leader in
Washington, D.C., they also grew staid with time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In the 1960s when electric guitars became
highly popular with young people, Kitt<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode";">’</span>s
carried the Gibson line and Jordan<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode";">’</span>s
the Fender, but neither offered discounts and were soon overshadowed by
Washington Music Center, which sold guitars at a discount. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1968 the two stores were finally united
when the Arthur Jordan Foundation merged the operations, creating Jordan-Kitt
Music Inc. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A year later Checci
Corporation, a diversified consulting firm, bought the business.</div>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Arthur Jordan
Piano Company and Kitt's Music proudly serviced Washingtonians for decades,
before joining to become Jordan Kitt's Music.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Today, Jordan Kitt's operates stores in two of the country's most
vibrant top-10 markets - DC Metro and Atlanta - and is one of the oldest, most
reputable piano dealers in America. They represent only the finest brands of
acoustic, digital, hybrid and player pianos.<br />
<div style="text-indent: .5in;">
A privately owned and operated family business,
Jordan Kitt's Music has sold more than 250,000 pianos and teaches over 40,000
piano lessons annually. They have provided pianos, organs and technical
services to numerous venues and institutions such as The White House, The Music
Center at Strathmore, The Kennedy Center, Wolf Trap, The Atlanta Symphony
Orchestra and Spivey Hall, just to name a few.</div>
<div style="text-indent: .5in;">
In addition to piano sales, a significant focus of
Jordan Kitt's Music includes piano service, rentals and lessons. They also
operate one of the largest concert and artist operations in the country,
providing pianos for famous and up-and-coming artists performing at famous
venues.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Now based in College Park,
Maryland, Jordan-Kitt Music Inc. is the parent company for the Jordan Kitt<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: "Lucida Sans Unicode";">’</span>s Music chain of a
dozen retail stores in Maryland, Washington, D.C., Virginia, Delaware, and
Georgia, as well as for its interest in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Beautiful Sound </i>music store in Chicago, Illinois.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Jordan-Kitt is the largest piano and keyboard
retailer in the United States, offering a wide variety of acoustic and digital
pianos. </div>
<div style="text-indent: .5in;">
Most recently, Jordan Kitt's formed a partnership
with the Washington Nationals Major League Baseball Team resulting in their
acquisition of a brand new Viscount Theatre Organ for the stadium and numerous
"Pianos in the Park" events through-out the season each year. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also support Strathmore's annual student
concerts which provide over 20,000 Montgomery County School Children with an
orchestral music experience in the Music Center concert hall.</div>
<div style="text-indent: .5in;">
Other partnerships and events Jordan Kitt's has
been involved with include providing instruments and associated services for
the Pope's historic visit to Washington DC. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Every four years they provide pianos and
services to all Inaugural Events, including the Presidential swearing-in
ceremony.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3U4r6l66Dj8w1gnx96EFDkt362_hZrn5_eY1CjIqHlyxPydn6JjAED1xGOzbvuPnn4Mfj6dYJ7URcZkC3W8-TtWoGwugOIH8KEKShnJUMMW6FjXIQB7xmuPtNa842H0yXfIxukw/s1600/1942+Sept+13+house+pic+WP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="539" data-original-width="777" height="442" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3U4r6l66Dj8w1gnx96EFDkt362_hZrn5_eY1CjIqHlyxPydn6JjAED1xGOzbvuPnn4Mfj6dYJ7URcZkC3W8-TtWoGwugOIH8KEKShnJUMMW6FjXIQB7xmuPtNa842H0yXfIxukw/s640/1942+Sept+13+house+pic+WP.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Jessie Kitt relocated to an
apartment in the Kennedy-Warren and sold the house on September 8, 1942 to Mary
Sizer Puller Gould.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Homer Kitt died on
November 14, 1944 and was interred in Rock Creek Cemetery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaI4X-ISVSmgsIypFg5jAsNKFSjMTsy-7hyphenhyphenHogUOMczA__HmYpEoIwAdftUOdfQt-LM82EVrojtqAQkBAOyotQxvH_r1hOYWq-yLPDuughUZ_eqmF0Ek6TaasRLC1hxU4jW_Bz8A/s1600/1934+Gould+pic+WP+Jan+20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="877" data-original-width="375" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaI4X-ISVSmgsIypFg5jAsNKFSjMTsy-7hyphenhyphenHogUOMczA__HmYpEoIwAdftUOdfQt-LM82EVrojtqAQkBAOyotQxvH_r1hOYWq-yLPDuughUZ_eqmF0Ek6TaasRLC1hxU4jW_Bz8A/s320/1934+Gould+pic+WP+Jan+20.jpg" width="136" /></a></div>
Mary Sizer Puller
Gould was the widow of Frederick Mitchell Gould of New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He had been born in 1848 in Coldwell, New
Jersey, the son of Mitchell Gould.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mary
was born in June of 1894 in Virginia as Mary Puller, the daughter of James P.
Puller of Richmond, Virginia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She was
widowed by 1930.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>She spent her summers at the
“Gould Villa” in Newport, Rhode Island, located on Bellevue Avenue at Lake View
Street, now apparently demolished.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
first began renting prominent houses in Washington, DC in 1940, and began to
entertain her close friend, Mrs. Harry Truman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>That seems to be the impetuous to purchase a winter home in the Nation’s
Capital.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A photograph of the house
appeared in the September 13, 1942 edition of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington Post</i>, announcing her purchase.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">On February 11, 1940, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington Post</i> featured Gould in their society column coined
“Introducing.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It appears below.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazC6gnabCCrOnJdi67v47Lm5Wnm47-RS-sEThHqzUxYf9C2xAlbB9Kwi02fPklH-jyTVk5Jd-MUdIYbVujB0kxmkJ_jP-AHWG4FUQYIAfc2LIw5_ngIuyOulGAstE_V5qZeG6Yg/s1600/1940+feb+11+Gould+pic+WP.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1247" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjazC6gnabCCrOnJdi67v47Lm5Wnm47-RS-sEThHqzUxYf9C2xAlbB9Kwi02fPklH-jyTVk5Jd-MUdIYbVujB0kxmkJ_jP-AHWG4FUQYIAfc2LIw5_ngIuyOulGAstE_V5qZeG6Yg/s640/1940+feb+11+Gould+pic+WP.jpg" width="498" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Relatively little is
known about Gould or her husband, as the couple do not seem to appear in any of
the ancestry online sites, nor in any census records as a married couple, most
likely due to their extensive overseas travel.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She was mentioned in many <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington
Post</i> articles during her tenure, seen here. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She frequently had extended stays at the St.
Regis hotel in New York City.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr7ttzgULS-uVnEwt1iPQhMqMuVasoQ3dWCB9Dg6z7dFs-TLvaHZlnhMOH9STb6plPRtExj0HUBUQTI73YBYW5nHoJBG22m30QbWuyyVc2G3NrcS3g_dWwQkaIyXo-Fx71Cdh1nw/s1600/50535384.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="594" data-original-width="422" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjr7ttzgULS-uVnEwt1iPQhMqMuVasoQ3dWCB9Dg6z7dFs-TLvaHZlnhMOH9STb6plPRtExj0HUBUQTI73YBYW5nHoJBG22m30QbWuyyVc2G3NrcS3g_dWwQkaIyXo-Fx71Cdh1nw/s320/50535384.jpg" width="227" /></a> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It resident during that time was
Charles Habib Malik (1906 – Dec 28, 1987).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He<span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL" style="font-family: "Times New Roman",serif; mso-ascii-font-family: "Bell MT"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Bell MT";"><span dir="RTL"></span><span dir="RTL"></span> </span>was
a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Lebanese</span></a>
academic, diplomat, and philosopher and also served as the Lebanese
representative to the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">United Nations</span></a>, the President of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_Human_Rights" title="Commission on Human Rights"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Commission on Human Rights</span></a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">United Nations General Assembly</span></a>,
a member of the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lebanese_Cabinet&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Lebanese Cabinet (page does not exist)"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Lebanese Cabinet</span></a>, a
national minister of Education and the Arts, and of Foreign Affairs and
Emigration, and <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theologian" title="Theologian"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">theologian</span></a>. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was
responsible for the drafting and adoption of the 1948 <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights" title="Universal Declaration of Human Rights"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Universal Declaration of Human Rights</span></a>.</div>
Beginning in 1945, Gould rented the house to the Lebanese government
for their use as the Lebanese Legation, which lasted until December of that
year.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Malik, left, founded the Philosophy Department at the American University of Beirut, as well
as a cultural studies program (the 'civilization sequence program' now
'Civilization Studies Program'). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He
remained in this capacity until 1945 when he was appointed to be the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Ambassador_to_the_United_States" title="Lebanese Ambassador to the United States"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">Lebanese Ambassador to the United
States</span></a> and the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations" title="Ambassador to the United Nations"><span style="color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;">United Nations</span></a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Gould died
on May 9, 1964.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Mary Sizer Puller
Gould estate, represented by Edward Myers of the Riggs National Bank, sold the
house on July 30, 1965 to John and Trudy C. Davis. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Copyright Paul K. Williams </div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com03120 Woodland Dr NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA38.9259555 -77.06348450000001538.9257625 -77.063799500000016 38.926148500000004 -77.063169500000015tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-20070365177654691482018-06-01T15:38:00.001-04:002018-06-01T16:00:07.617-04:00It's not fake news: There was once 109 houses of prostitution within steps of the White House! We recently ran across this fascinating map at the Library of Congress that they believe was published in the 1890s...109 houses of prostitution within steps of the White House!<br />
<br />
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<br />HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com01600 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Washington, DC 20500, USA38.8976633 -77.03657390000000838.896118799999996 -77.039095400000008 38.8992078 -77.034052400000007tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-25201998569426981032018-02-23T14:28:00.000-05:002018-11-12T16:16:51.732-05:00330 T Street, NW in LeDroit Park: Owned by Prominent Lawyer Fountain Peyton, Born Enslaved <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg0Y8hGmGN1GVKR1EXZ7Af14n7lqqn30tISCYWqlwJAGAhY2TBMlcBBhOAj9pVCT-H_s_lZYEGGCD16drNDUiESYrSvnXsJqs_V3Bztiv-YJ4PO12p7oA8WBtrhm540n0-r2-Ibg/s1600/Untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="768" data-original-width="512" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjg0Y8hGmGN1GVKR1EXZ7Af14n7lqqn30tISCYWqlwJAGAhY2TBMlcBBhOAj9pVCT-H_s_lZYEGGCD16drNDUiESYrSvnXsJqs_V3Bztiv-YJ4PO12p7oA8WBtrhm540n0-r2-Ibg/s320/Untitled.jpg" width="213" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> The owner and builder of the house at 330 T
Street, NW, Charles A. White, ap</span><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">plied for and was granted an
Application for Permit to Build numbered 1338 for its construction on April 28,
1880.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>White listed builder Fred W.
Pilling as responsible for its construction, but neglected to list an architect
responsible for its design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
estimated cost of construction was $5,000, about twice that of the typical
townhouse being built in Washington, DC at the time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> <span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> </span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"> Charles Abiather White
authored a total of 236 books during his long career in geology, paleontology,
and biology - we'll talk about him in <a href="https://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2018/11/330-t-street-nw-part-deux.html" target="_blank">a future blog post here</a>. He would own and live in the house for 28 years, until July 1908, when he sold it to a prominent African-American lawyer. </span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyBqSHNXebuivkp5uysmEWtxTcMzgwEGIbbRbKL1OkwPKo2NYHWIh-0gfsggQxvBA4q8Jk9fk6VHx_cHPuA-2a69qr3Lbek9ZC8QPSln50_EXyVeLRiRfigPUbHYD8jPXIps2JmQ/s1600/1910+ensus+crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="297" data-original-width="1178" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyBqSHNXebuivkp5uysmEWtxTcMzgwEGIbbRbKL1OkwPKo2NYHWIh-0gfsggQxvBA4q8Jk9fk6VHx_cHPuA-2a69qr3Lbek9ZC8QPSln50_EXyVeLRiRfigPUbHYD8jPXIps2JmQ/s640/1910+ensus+crop.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1910 Census taken at 330 T Street, NW</td></tr>
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The new owner, Fountain Peyton, listed his
occupation in the City Directory as a lawyer.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He and his family were listed at the house in the 1910 census.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peyton had been born enslaved
in 1861 in Stafford County, Virginia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both
of his parents had also been born in Virginia.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His second wife Mary E. had been born about 1869 in Maryland, also the
birthplace of both of her parents.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Together, they had five children, all of whom called 330 T Street home
that year.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They had all been born in
Washington, DC and included: Benjamin (born about 1889), Mary L. (born about
1890), Elliott (born about 1892), Esther C. (born about 1900), and Jennette J.
(born about 1901). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Peyton indicated
that he owned the house with a mortgage.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>He and his wife had married about 1886.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRgxqP1PPBr_6rWjYsJ30WfU-JGfGM0J-46klbpZC2mULyJBaTuF0UcXOko4sB2AJ9wJIydVmCSosSbz8oD7qAbkSjgY1g-sfA7WwgZwmMy0X1RYVP0VWrYq2oJK4bx2Rr7Myviw/s1600/1887+Hopkins+Map.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="1017" height="296" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRgxqP1PPBr_6rWjYsJ30WfU-JGfGM0J-46klbpZC2mULyJBaTuF0UcXOko4sB2AJ9wJIydVmCSosSbz8oD7qAbkSjgY1g-sfA7WwgZwmMy0X1RYVP0VWrYq2oJK4bx2Rr7Myviw/s640/1887+Hopkins+Map.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1887 Hopkins Map. 330 T is seen on the southeast corner of Maple (T) and Linden (4th) Streets</td></tr>
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The entire Peyton family was
then described as 'Mulatto.'<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Census enumerators
that year were instructed “to be particularly careful in reporting the class
mulatto.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The word here is generic, and
includes quadroons, octoroons, and all persons having any perceptible trace of
African blood.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Importantly, it was up
the census taker to observe and determine race, not the subject being
interviewed, often resulting in a multitude of errors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Peyton
indicated on the 1910 census form that he worked as a federal prosecutor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Peyton’s were again listed at the house
in the 1920 census, below, along with several boarders.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Only their children Benjamin, then age 31 and
an author, Elliott, then age 28, Ester, then age 27, and Jenette, then age 19,
remained at home in 1920.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Elliott worked
as a chauffeur for a taxicab company, and Esther worked as a schoolteacher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fountain Peyton indicated that he then has
his own general practice.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is interesting to note that the Peyton’s
were then enumerated as black.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOP5Iv0uylPZqpxbzKie7CgUI-lAwgb-HPQZbBbfxGfWMD-baL3JX1taGIbGHkLSALsyp85B_uolaOA-rwnFDtVwDRXMr8FqxLuLGEl9T73i84nApeVNjHUVnIrd862CIBxCp1AA/s1600/1920+census.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="386" data-original-width="1600" height="153" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOP5Iv0uylPZqpxbzKie7CgUI-lAwgb-HPQZbBbfxGfWMD-baL3JX1taGIbGHkLSALsyp85B_uolaOA-rwnFDtVwDRXMr8FqxLuLGEl9T73i84nApeVNjHUVnIrd862CIBxCp1AA/s640/1920+census.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1920 Census for 330 T Street, NW</td></tr>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Peyton
family welcomed four boarders into their home in 1920.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were all enumerated as Mulatto, and
included Burton Boteler, age 8, Edward Chapman, age 14, Ursaline Brooks, age 4
1/2 , and Joseph Boteler, age 6. Quite impressive indeed, considering the
Payton’s had already raised five children of their own. </div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_MhdNTlmeU4NjZrqUI6RtgYjK-zK3lIIVsMKvOaA5gYcgNBSOL2Qs7wlSKjZ8Wtpby7zjQFZi7A9Us1D0MB0p2XouZXxNAChw2Lk6SUB6H-jE-5iGBwOtTmeiyI5ncoEOJGj9NA/s1600/Peyton+book.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="621" data-original-width="447" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_MhdNTlmeU4NjZrqUI6RtgYjK-zK3lIIVsMKvOaA5gYcgNBSOL2Qs7wlSKjZ8Wtpby7zjQFZi7A9Us1D0MB0p2XouZXxNAChw2Lk6SUB6H-jE-5iGBwOtTmeiyI5ncoEOJGj9NA/s320/Peyton+book.jpg" width="230" /></a></span></div>
Fountain
Peyton penned a rather unusual book on an African-American Shakespearian actor
named Ira Frederick Aldridge that was published in 1917, a rare combination of
a black author highlighting a black actor at the time, according to the Library
of Congress.<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
Stafford County Historical Society was able to research Fountain Peyton, a
remarkable story from being born enslaved, being educated, becoming a lawyer,
and breaking many of the racial hurdles and stereotypes of the era.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their brief history reads as follows:<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">"Many
slaves lived in Stafford, but the names of most have been lost to history. A
number of those who were able to leave the county and get to Washington or
elsewhere became successful. Fountain Peyton was one such man. Born a slave in
Stafford, he became a successful attorney in Washington, DC. This article is based
upon material fond in The Washington Bee, a newspaper that served Washington’s
Negro population during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The
author has supplemented the material contained therein.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Fountain
Peyton was born a slave in Stafford County, the son of Wingfield Peyton and
Mary (Whiting) Peyton (born c.1838). Mary was born and raised in the Clift and
Moncure families. When she was bout twenty years of age, a death in her owner’s
family resulted in her being sold to a slave trader who sent her to Richmond
preparatory to shipping her to the Red River territory by way of New Orleans.
Separated from her home and family, all seemed lost until she was informed that
Benjamin Wamsley, who lived in the general vicinity of her former home in
Stafford, had purchased her. She was brought back to Stafford and reunited with
her family and friends and about a year later married Wingfield Peyton. He had
been born on the Wamsley plantation. Fountain was born there in 1861.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">During
the Civil War, Fountain’s father was taken south by the Confederates. Mary
seized the opportunity to escape to Washington, taking little Fountain with
her. Arriving in Washington, they were classed by the Union army as
“Contrabands of war.” Mary and Fountain endured all the hardships that fell to
the other contrabands who came there under like circumstances. Nothing more is
known of Mary Peyton.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">At
age six, Fountain commenced school in Washington and proved to be an
exceptionally bright child. As he grew older, he partially supported himself by
selling newspapers. His ambition from childhood was to become a lawyer. After
eight years of public school, he entered Wayland Seminary, a school established
by the Baptist Home Mission Society. He paid his fees by teaching grammar and
mathematics there. He subsequently applied to Howard University, but discovered
that while competent in math and English, he didn’t have enough training in the
classical languages. Fountain left Howard and became a teacher at Leonardtown,
Maryland, a position he held for five years. Presumably, he used this time to
become familiar with those subjects he was lacking. Fountain then passed his
Civil Service exam and took a job as a letter carrier in Washington. He
reapplied to Howard University and was accepted into the law program there. His
job with the post office took most of his time and he struggled to attend class
and study. ‘Even the lecture hour was the hour for collecting mail; but he
would remain to her the lecture, then seize his mailbag and run all over the
route in order to get in at the post office on schedule.”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">On
April 26, 1890 Fountain graduated from Howard, third in his class of fourteen.
He immediately opened an office and commenced his practice. One of about three
Negro attorneys in the District of Columbia at that time, he quickly became
noted as a successful criminal defense lawyer. Fountain was the first black
lawyer to argue a case in the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia and
was the first black Examiner in Chancery for Washington. He was appointed to
the city’s School Board in 1915 and by 1918 was chairman. He served until at
least 1919."</span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Fountain Payton and his wife
were again listed at the house in the 1940 census, he being retired at age 79.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Their daughter Esther continued
to reside there, still employed as a public school teacher.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interestingly, the boarder named Ursaline
from 1920 had taken on Peyton as her last name, and indicated that she worked
as an Assistant History Professor at nearby Howard University.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Fountain Peyton indicated that he estimated
the value of the house as $8,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>
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<span style="color: black;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-wS8wwH4oFYcNEbcoci1wmSJRabPt-LtoNqtdCUlwWyjgOa2N6jaJNO97v1jUZ5j8Wg_q6KHMXqLHe3zZoWJhVlKcHqyYNeTOIBu3SHjDLoqV9uxqqk9vScAWyxQJOui6AuHUiA/s1600/Peyton+Obit.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="605" data-original-width="167" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-wS8wwH4oFYcNEbcoci1wmSJRabPt-LtoNqtdCUlwWyjgOa2N6jaJNO97v1jUZ5j8Wg_q6KHMXqLHe3zZoWJhVlKcHqyYNeTOIBu3SHjDLoqV9uxqqk9vScAWyxQJOui6AuHUiA/s320/Peyton+Obit.jpg" width="88" /></a></span></div>
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Fountain Peyton died in August of
1951. His obituary appeared in the August 10, 1951 edition of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Washington Evening Star</i>, which reported
that he had been active right up to the week before his death.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It recalled that as a young kid selling
newspapers, he was one of a group that would regularly run to sell a paper to
President Grant “because of the extra tip he gave.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After his retirement in 1921, he remained active,
wrote short stories, and studied French as a hobby.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>One of his favorite past times, the obituary
listed, was dismantling and reassembling radios on the dining room table.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He was buried in Payne Cemetery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;"> </span>Title to the house was
put into daughter Esther Peyton on March 31, 1953.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She continued to reside there until her
death, when a representative for her estate sold the house on July 1, 1994 to
DC Councilman Frank Smith, Jr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Current owner Aaron Rinaca is in the midst of a spectacular authentic renovation of the house, down to the fine details recreating missing architectural elements like copper finials, porch railings, and slate roofing. </span></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Copyright Paul K. Williams </span></span>
</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"></span></span></span><br />
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<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
<a href="http://private.betweenthecovers.com/Catalogs/408199_IraAldridge.pdf">http://private.betweenthecovers.com/Catalogs/408199_IraAldridge.pdf</a>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The book was listed at $600.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 10.0pt;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
http://staffordhistorical.org/fountain-peyton-1861-1951/</div>
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<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="font-family: "bell mt" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span> </span></span>HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0330 T St NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA38.9157294 -77.01715580000001238.915536399999993 -77.017470800000012 38.9159224 -77.016840800000011tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-22669847298360668812018-01-13T19:09:00.001-05:002018-01-13T19:09:34.393-05:00Your House in Bloomingdale Might Have Once Been the Site of a Huge Greenhouse<!--[if !mso]>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV0_MiX2hAk_fXlqOdwhHgf6ROpS2CwPmozisBLXa6vuwVP8fVdhYtT3XG4wtu0kn-rUkw6pPAWvFc6DNr5nLGTlAsrgfcKCYD5uGd0bllQd6q_E7JfdYx1U4HPV3rDUyD4AjF4g/s1600/1887+Hopkins+Map+Glorius+owned+Sq+519.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="611" data-original-width="585" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhV0_MiX2hAk_fXlqOdwhHgf6ROpS2CwPmozisBLXa6vuwVP8fVdhYtT3XG4wtu0kn-rUkw6pPAWvFc6DNr5nLGTlAsrgfcKCYD5uGd0bllQd6q_E7JfdYx1U4HPV3rDUyD4AjF4g/s400/1887+Hopkins+Map+Glorius+owned+Sq+519.jpg" width="382" /></a>The "Glorious Square 519"</div>
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<br /></div>
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Surrounded by R Street, 3rd and 4th Streets, and Florida Avenue, NW </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Long before the house at 319 R Street
NW (below) was built between 1902 and 1903 by Harry Wardman and designed by
Nicholas R. Grimm, an older brick house occupied the exact same
location. </span>It was constructed before the
requirement of a building permit, which was necessitated by the City of
Washington beginning in February of 1877. <a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"></span></span></span></span></a>
Utilizing a combination of maps, tax assessments, geneology and deed research,
however, it has been determined that the house had been built about 1850.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Located outside the city at the time, it had
no address, but eventually became known as 317 R Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9-0-Ie66Itax75byXHYxwlLmXI-bWURe8iXaKVcit1C7bSGtPM8ST0FHbmBzz6M_ULTVdnfy8eHTehALMZnBtJz05cKCBjX8D-q6nx_XJ0AOsYp3eNNUnylN6u2lw5rFAHZAJHw/s1600/centermarket3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="820" data-original-width="1016" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9-0-Ie66Itax75byXHYxwlLmXI-bWURe8iXaKVcit1C7bSGtPM8ST0FHbmBzz6M_ULTVdnfy8eHTehALMZnBtJz05cKCBjX8D-q6nx_XJ0AOsYp3eNNUnylN6u2lw5rFAHZAJHw/s200/centermarket3.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>It was built and owned by George
Glorious, as was the entire Square 519.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>As one can see on the 1887 Hopkins Map, illustrated above, Glorious
operated a large scale greenhouse where he grew flowers for resale.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Early listings for his business reveal that
it was located at what was then known as 316 Boundary Street (Florida Avenue
today), with retail locations at 1112 7<sup>th</sup> Street, NW and at stall number
247 at the Center Market (right).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was
located where the National Archives building stands today on Constitution Avenue, NW.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>According to the 1870 census,
which was taken at 317 R Street, George had been born in Prussia (Germany) in
November of 1821.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He moved to
Washington, DC in 1846 and shortly thereafter, established his floral
business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His wife Mary had been born in
Bavaria (Germany) in April of 1824.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Together, they had five children that included Mary (born 1852), Andrew
(born 1854), George Jr. (born 1856), Barbara (born 181858), and Ignatius (born
1865).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Glorious indicated that his real estate was
then valued at $70,000, a tremendous sum at the time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His personal property was then valued at
$500.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Both sons Andrew and George
indicated that they worked in the family business as gardeners.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpakZgugBTimNA5It32i5p-7AlYrCmiqNZNiL0uIG9TStvxlYyM9yWrbMoBkyiz7lL3lVDH0CThZRBlbf5Icx9rdSSR3RqFu1ExMKrbjT56vaMZah7H2Rzr6eIQagwrk8dhX9_5g/s1600/Glorius+ad+1884+DC+%2526+Environs.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="314" data-original-width="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpakZgugBTimNA5It32i5p-7AlYrCmiqNZNiL0uIG9TStvxlYyM9yWrbMoBkyiz7lL3lVDH0CThZRBlbf5Icx9rdSSR3RqFu1ExMKrbjT56vaMZah7H2Rzr6eIQagwrk8dhX9_5g/s1600/Glorius+ad+1884+DC+%2526+Environs.jpg" /></a></div>
The Glorious
business was included in an 1884 publication titled Historical and Commercial
Sketches of Washington and Environs, seen at left.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Glorious had established the business about
the same time he came to Washington, DC, about 1846 at the age of 24.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His specialty was roses, but apparently
conveyed all varieties of cut flowers and plants.<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The 1880 census taken at 317 R
Street revealed that all the children remained at the house that year, all unmarried,
and most of whom worked for the family business.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Son George was married and had his own son
named George by 1884.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Eleven years
later, the Washington Post reported that the young boy had been seriously
injured when he fell off an awning pole at the house on August 15, 1895.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
1900 census taken at 317 R Street lists only George, Mary, and their daughter
residing at the house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, the
family stayed close by – daughter-in-law Elizabeth and her two children resided
at 320 Florida Avenue, and son George resided with his wife Anna and their five
children at 316 Florida Avenue, NW.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7WqUJmplu_g6Kp3o921sK7chUeqKYjk82a6YwjdiOmKlWo95-3PuPAUqbEiMom3SHrjjWyz8gx0Zlj2oSppyQORbMc0ovjlh8MGK-ZDoQTTlfQs1NRhRDElDeux0lWlZoGcZjMA/s1600/facade+2007.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="419" data-original-width="503" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7WqUJmplu_g6Kp3o921sK7chUeqKYjk82a6YwjdiOmKlWo95-3PuPAUqbEiMom3SHrjjWyz8gx0Zlj2oSppyQORbMc0ovjlh8MGK-ZDoQTTlfQs1NRhRDElDeux0lWlZoGcZjMA/s320/facade+2007.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>With the
city rapidly developing and expanding, the George Glorious decided to sell
Square 519 to developer Harry Wardman.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The sale was announced in the November 1, 1902 edition of the Evening
Star newspaper who reported it as “Glorious Square.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The sale price was $35,500.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Glorious, however, wisely negotiated Wardman
building a house for himself on the location of his former home, now known as
319 R Street, NW, where the family remained for many years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Other houses in the development were also
built for members of the second generation of Glorious family members.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 319 R Street, NW (right) is currently being renovated (2018). </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Copyright Paul K. Williams </div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<br clear="all" />
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Building permits in Washington were not required until 1872, and not archived
until 1877.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Permit No. 1 was issued to
Martin McMalty on February 17, 1877 for a $50 repair to his house on H Street
on Capitol Hill.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first house issued
a building permit occurred on the same day, when Thomas Henry was awarded
Permit No. 2 for his $15,000 house to be built at 916 6<sup>th</sup> Street,
NW.</div>
</div>
</div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-21722726794428571482017-09-07T11:37:00.000-04:002017-09-07T11:37:42.619-04:00The 1917 scandals and affairs of DC's builder Chester A. Snow<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Patent Attorney and Investment Builder Chester A. Snow</h2>
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A successful patent attorney, Chester Ammen Snow also
invested in building several apartment buildings in Washington, including the
Holmes and the Irving at 3014 and 3020 Dent Place in Georgetown, built in 1902
and 1903, respectfully. He was a partner in the CA Snow & Co. firm along
with Edward G. Siggers, and they maintained an office at 708 8th Street, N.W.,
adjacent to the Snow household. By 1910, the City Directory indicated that his
partner had changed to an individual by the name of Clarence A. Doyle. Their
advertisement from that year appears above.</div>
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Chester A. Snow was born in April 1844 in Virginia to
Reverend Dexter and Catherine Snow. The family moved to Washington, DC by 1880,
and lived together in a large house at 712 8th Street, N.W., by 1900. The
extended family was enumerated there that year, and included the elder Snow,
and Chester and his wife Clarissa (Parfet) Snow. She was also a native of
Virginia, having been born there in 1870.</div>
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Chester was age 50 and Clarissa age 24 when they had married
in 1894. They had one child together, Chester, Jr., in 1898, that would go on
to head the C. A. Snow Company, which was already flourishing by the time he
had been born. An announcement in the July 29, 1907 Washington Post indicated
that the wealthy couple were going to depart for a round-the-world trip in
September of that year, to include India, Japan, and Egypt. Clarissa died
sometime between 1907 and 1910, possibly on the trip itself.</div>
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According to the census taken in 1910, Chester, then age 66,
had moved into a house at 1818 Newton Street, NW, along with his niece Maud
Emory, then a widow age 42. They were taken care of by two servants and a cook.
Snow was a longtime leader of the Washington Humane Society, and made the
Washington Post several times as a complainant in cases against residents using
horses that were “old and unfit to work,” or forced up snowy hills without sand
being used for traction (Washington Post, January 20, 1905).</div>
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However, Snow began courting a 36 year old resident named
Addis M. Hubard in early 1913, and the two were married on July 29<sup>th</sup>
of that year (Washington Post, July 25, 1914). They had a son named Dexter
Hubard Snow on July 25, 1914, who had been born in Europe, where Addis had
remained following their extended Honeymoon. </div>
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Their marriage lasted just three years, however, as first
reported in the January 23, 1917 issue of the Washington Post, that they had
been separated since November of 1916. Their sensational divorce trial, which revealed
an intimate relationship between Snow and his niece Maud, made headlines for
weeks throughout the ordeal, and was no doubt the subject of much gossip in the
city’s social circles. Testimony even included many love letters written
between all three parties. Custody of Dexter was the focal point of the trial.
It likely did not help matters that Chester Snow hit and injured an 18 year old
child named Harvey Magner, playing near his office on 8th Street, NW, during
the trial.</div>
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Addis claimed that their “love died on the honeymoon,” and
that she was prevented from entertaining guests in their home, denied use of their
automobile, and “never treated as a wife.” Snow countered, of course, and
alleged that their “honeymoon was spoiled because of his bride’s nervousness
and spells of hysteria.” In the end, Addis was granted custody of the child,
and both received a divorce.</div>
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The trial also shed light on the financial success of Snow,
who his second wife estimated as being worth $2 million. He also owned a farm
property coined Fenwick, near Woodside, Maryland. </div>
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Chester A. Snow, Jr., took
over the C.A. Snow Company following an education at the University of
Pennsylvania and The George Washington University, and it became exclusively
involved in the real estate business. He had begun working there in 1916. Seen
at left, he married Enid Sims on February 19, 1923.</div>
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Chester Snow died in 1937 at the age of 93. His son by his
first wife, Chester A. Snow, Jr. died in August of 1977 in Washington, DC, and
his son by his second wife, Dexter H. Snow, died in Amherst, Virginia in May of
1996.</div>
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Copyright Paul K. Williams </div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com03014 Dent Pl NW, Washington, DC 20007, USA38.911730299999988 -77.05987040000002338.911344299999989 -77.060500900000022 38.912116299999987 -77.059239900000023tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-41425023034297466662017-04-22T18:17:00.000-04:002017-04-22T18:17:09.764-04:00Entertainment for the Animals at the National Zoo<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A five member band and a dancer entertain the polar bears in the 1920s. </td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-weight: normal;">Since the
National Zoo’s inception in 1889, many Woodley Park
residents, including those at the nearby Kennedy-Warren apartment building,
have awoken to the sounds of lions growling, wolves howling, and other animal
noises from their four-legged neighbors.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Designed by the famed architectural landscape firm of Frederick Law
Olmstead, who was also responsible for the design of Central
Park and the U.S. Capitol Grounds, the National Zoo has evolved
from a showcase of the world’s exotic species to a conservation organization,
public education pioneer, as well as a scientific research organization. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Of
course, adorable pandas, monkeys, and tigers are still the main attraction.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Charles Trevey bakes huge loaves of bread for the bears in August of 1922</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;">Created by an 1889 Act of
Congress for "the advancement of science and the instruction and
recreation of the people," the National Zoo became part of the Smithsonian
Institution in 1890.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to the
main 163-acre urban park in the Rock
Creek Valley,
the Zoo also has a 3,200-acre Conservation and Research Center
in Front Royal, Virginia. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The Zoo's
spacious and picturesque area marked a significant departure from the 19th
century philosophy of creating zoos in small areas.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Due to its origin prior to the creation of New York's Zoological Park and Munich's Hellabrun Zoo, the National Zoo may
have been the first zoo to be located in such a spacious park-like setting. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A little ice is provided tot he penguins by bird keeper Holmes Vourous in 1954</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;">Plans for the Zoo were drawn by
three individuals — Samuel Langley, third secretary of the Smithsonian; William
Temple Hornaday, a conservationist and head of the Smithsonian's vertebrate
division; and Frederick Law Olmstead, a leading landscape architect who
designed Central Park in New York. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Historians
at the zoo, however, indicate that the first recorded live animal gift to the
nation occurred in 1785, when Charles III of Spain sent a “royal jackass” to
George Washington while he resided at Mount
Vernon. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Watch those fingers - Director William Mann (left) and Wm Mileham in January 1951</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;">The Zoo has been at the
forefront in striving to expand the public's knowledge of the wildlife and the
environment through public education programs aimed at teachers and school
children, with images of Victorian school children common in the collection of
zoo images at the Library of Congress. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The first animals at the facility were
literally captured in the wild and brought back to Washington.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The zoo also strove in the early years of its existence to create a
refuge for buffaloes and other animals that were quickly disappearing from the North America landscape. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The present monkey house, the New Mammal
House, and the lion house are the only two original Zoo buildings that remain
today.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Chimpanzee enjoys a refreshing bottle of milk in May of 1926</td></tr>
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<span style="color: black;">Despite Washington's long, humid summers, polar
bears seem unaffected by the heat at the National Zoo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Past polar bears have resided at the Zoo for
more than 25 years without showing ill affects of the heat. This <a href="http://househistoryman.blogspot.com/search?q=zoo" target="_blank">wacky photograph</a> shows staff members swimming in their pool in 1973. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span>The chimpanzees are known to be one of the
easiest species for the Zoo to exhibit due to their pleasant demeanor and
friendly attitude toward spectators and keepers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Others were no so easily contained: Kechil, a
ten-year-old elephant that had been caught in Sumatran, was known in 1932 as
the "bad boy" of the park, able to throw “with good aim rocks which
have been tossed into his enclosure, and has been known to hit visitors on the
head,” according to a 1936 book on the zoo.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4vCEKHjlsjiOzvC8MbNsYfKns8_ENDg0VbX5Vs9KbWFmdmfphE6foBGoVTU1ot9jDrTxVOWZf_ykYywevdtTs1dIP9an-b7jgdM651Vn8SEuvKJqv-bquQ60bBWB_f_VOVjFpPQ/s1600/000215.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4vCEKHjlsjiOzvC8MbNsYfKns8_ENDg0VbX5Vs9KbWFmdmfphE6foBGoVTU1ot9jDrTxVOWZf_ykYywevdtTs1dIP9an-b7jgdM651Vn8SEuvKJqv-bquQ60bBWB_f_VOVjFpPQ/s640/000215.JPG" width="420" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The first director of the zoo, Wm Blackburne, who served for more than 40 years, with a gorilla named N'Gi</td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com03001 Connecticut Ave NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA38.9296156 -77.04978440000002113.407581099999998 -118.35837840000002 64.4516501 -35.741190400000022tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-89216819729006660242017-02-23T17:43:00.000-05:002017-02-23T17:43:08.568-05:00817 Q Street, NW: The International Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters<!--[if !mso]>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp6j9s1A6RUVJdTgo46ffHKelrD9tjDDX2HvPqG8R7EgWe3DDSL86LB7DIsyEawgBlMIfzPbWTPIfFXKsvTDkW4Gov4wn8wqCy73_QmqcTLRgoTWYSmeelueD7Z4UY2IaOXPjJ5w/s1600/DC8383602_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp6j9s1A6RUVJdTgo46ffHKelrD9tjDDX2HvPqG8R7EgWe3DDSL86LB7DIsyEawgBlMIfzPbWTPIfFXKsvTDkW4Gov4wn8wqCy73_QmqcTLRgoTWYSmeelueD7Z4UY2IaOXPjJ5w/s320/DC8383602_1.jpg" width="169" /></a></div>
In
the 1920s, a group of disgruntled Pullman porters in New York City asked an
African-American labor militant, A. Philip Randolph, left, a strong advocate of
the rights of black working men and women, to form an independent union of
sleeping car porters and maids.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Officially founded in 1925, the International Brotherhood of Sleeping
Car Porters (IBSCP) was the first successful black trade union in the United
States.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its local chapter office was operated out of
817 Q Street, NW, (left) from 1943 to 1978. 1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">. </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span><br />
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The porters worked
for the Pullman Company, whose founder, George Pullman, invented the overnight
sleeping train car in the 1880s in Chicago. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pullman hired black men and women to serve as
porters, attendants, and maids to the mostly white passengers who used the first
class train accommodations.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By using
blacks in a service capacity, he was drawing upon the master-servant
relationship of slavery days when blacks were servants to white masters. <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5wLePz2z9QmBbqbk5XuR28Wp_BvyugmEo1ZikfE26tmm9FEUrllKSVpzcHHMezddFluKzc_2TJ33C8ow7N8wXt_nKBghpNPXLSv57DUw0rhaaBhTHq-43iGc5re_TOfXXwysXIg/s1600/1024px-PullmanPorter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5wLePz2z9QmBbqbk5XuR28Wp_BvyugmEo1ZikfE26tmm9FEUrllKSVpzcHHMezddFluKzc_2TJ33C8ow7N8wXt_nKBghpNPXLSv57DUw0rhaaBhTHq-43iGc5re_TOfXXwysXIg/s320/1024px-PullmanPorter.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Porters, such as
these seen here in 1943, worked long hours for little pay and no job security,
and they had to spend half their wages on food, lodging, and uniforms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The black community, however, considered
porters an elite class of workers because they had steady jobs and traveled
around the country. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But porters worked
long hours with little salary, lacked job security, and had to pay for their
food, lodging, and uniforms. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Much of
their income came from tips. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1925,
Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters (BSCP). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He ran into fierce opposition in Chicago,
where the Pullman Company's headquarters was located and where many porters
lived.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Pullman fought the union,
denouncing Randolph as a communist and recruited support from the middle-class
black leaders of the city. 2</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOw7WIFB6spLADaP2l2dTtTto2fOAABMYjCY1qHR1Mu5jxcpsPmd-QaGHCe5nWvDiJA9eCwD4ONosk_I42D-cQbvXx64pzZULeUvWKFJphLJ-tkKpj0HLyFd9wP-MQYiBEvI2smg/s1600/Randolph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOw7WIFB6spLADaP2l2dTtTto2fOAABMYjCY1qHR1Mu5jxcpsPmd-QaGHCe5nWvDiJA9eCwD4ONosk_I42D-cQbvXx64pzZULeUvWKFJphLJ-tkKpj0HLyFd9wP-MQYiBEvI2smg/s1600/Randolph.jpg" /></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Born in
Crescent City, Florida, the son of a Methodist minister, Randolph (left) moved to
Harlem in New York City in 1911 to become an actor. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He attended City College at night, and in 1912
founded an employment agency with Chandler Owen that tried to organize black
workers. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the United States
declared war on Germany in 1917, the two men started a magazine, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">THE MESSENGER</i>, that called for more jobs
in the war industry and the armed forces for blacks. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After the war, Randolph lectured
at New York's Rand School of Social Science and ran unsuccessfully for office
on the Socialist Party ticket. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The BSCP
porters, facing fierce opposition not only from the Pullman Company, but also
from middle-class blacks in Chicago, who did not want to antagonize the
company. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Randolph and the BSCP struggled
with the black community as well as the Pullman Company for 12 years. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He also struggled for recognition by the
American Federation of Labor, the largest trade union organization in America,
as the A.F.L. was hostile to black workers in the trade union movement. A. Philip Randolph was a trade unionist and one of the major civil
rights leaders in America. <br />
<br />
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Held in the Smithsonian
collection today is the sign for the BSCP that once hung for decades in the
window of 817 Q Street, seen at right.</div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTbZPR1hRA3_4mPHWImz-eehxGnDG3sycKpMCfOUKIdg5o0-fBNdi_HnNM3rTVCmLeeBRJTfFeln-PrzOW3BuecObf37HnJ2qNuE-7JyqMe_bdm4fpGUBn1H38LHWnN_jE7JiFvA/s1600/cropped.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTbZPR1hRA3_4mPHWImz-eehxGnDG3sycKpMCfOUKIdg5o0-fBNdi_HnNM3rTVCmLeeBRJTfFeln-PrzOW3BuecObf37HnJ2qNuE-7JyqMe_bdm4fpGUBn1H38LHWnN_jE7JiFvA/s320/cropped.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in; text-indent: .5in;">
Many blacks
considered labor unions "trouble-makers" that worked against the best
interests of black workers. Randolph made a conscientious effort to win the
support of the middle-class black community because of its great influence in
the black press and with public opinion. The company refused to negotiate with
the union; some charged this was because the union was black. The Brotherhood
was the verge of collapsing when Congress passed federal laws guaranteeing the
right of all legitimate unions to organize workers without interference from
their employers, giving the union a new life. The BSCP now found itself with
some legal muscle. In addition, the major labor organization in the United
States, the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which had traditionally
excluded blacks from its membership-now gave the Brotherhood support. As a
result, in 1937, the Pullman Company finally signed a labor agreement with the
Brotherhood.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>A.
Philip Randolph, along with Bayard Rustin, was a central figure in the 1963
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, much of which was planned at 817 Q
Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">
</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilg42nB4c1TEK6nC5E1t6jobtArKAg-YnUSrqVtfMztkkEKbxt-Y54UmEgIoR-7VXNZHQ39iQ5aqQyXL63iQSXSIapD8XUctXQQnh2oD7uiv6BDH-7mJQ2kUoqHFfabQx061uNSA/s1600/817+aerial+view.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="490" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilg42nB4c1TEK6nC5E1t6jobtArKAg-YnUSrqVtfMztkkEKbxt-Y54UmEgIoR-7VXNZHQ39iQ5aqQyXL63iQSXSIapD8XUctXQQnh2oD7uiv6BDH-7mJQ2kUoqHFfabQx061uNSA/s640/817+aerial+view.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
photo above is attributed to the New York Times, published on April 20,
1968, two days after the riots erupted in Washington, DC and other cities
following the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house at 817 Q Street can be seen at the
top center, with the turret.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: .5in;">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Several
members of the BSCP came and went on and off the deed over the course of the
next decade, until the house was eventually owned by Oscar W. and Thomasina
Shelton, who had purchased it from William Anderson on February 25, 1955.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They continued to rent it to the BSCP until
1978.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRktdnQSGENjwF2ROSuYW2GhLADYwhpt4xRki1xfkLIKVBIG303gbt39RqBSiCf1QGKD7QWmN8SCJhOG2qQrSiDkIqRjyNZq7E4FFVHMS_a-KBl4CTPTDh6PPOAhO98GNsyew7Hg/s1600/porter.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRktdnQSGENjwF2ROSuYW2GhLADYwhpt4xRki1xfkLIKVBIG303gbt39RqBSiCf1QGKD7QWmN8SCJhOG2qQrSiDkIqRjyNZq7E4FFVHMS_a-KBl4CTPTDh6PPOAhO98GNsyew7Hg/s320/porter.jpg" width="242" /></a></div>
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
</div>
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Copyright Paul K. Williams</div>
<hr align="left" size="1" width="33%" />
<div id="ftn1" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
In 1938, the female relatives of union members formed the International Ladies’
Auxiliary.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2" style="mso-element: footnote;">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=30748084#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn2;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Bell MT","serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a>
Excerpted from PBS Special on BSCP by Richard Wormser.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com2817 Q St NW, Washington, DC 20001, USA38.911309 -77.02366513.389274500000003 -118.332259 64.4333435 -35.715070999999995tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-74412989480148694732017-02-12T16:25:00.003-05:002017-02-12T16:25:51.656-05:0059 Rooms: The Spectacular Firenze Mansion in Cleveland Park, built in 1927<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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One of the largest, if not the largest, private homes in
Washington is nestled behind a dense row of trees between north Cleveland Park
and Forest Hills, at the intersection of Broad Branch Road and Albemarle
Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Known as Firenze House since
1941, it was constructed between 1925 and 1927 for Mrs. Blanche Estebrook
O’Brien with a total of fifty-nine rooms.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Its address today is 2800
Albemarle Street.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSyFCrQIwFre43YdJKx0OGfkpZX1f1znLxD1I_uYAnuYdUOYkZh5-cpAKbClS8xgf3XS0SNVPQYe-1QjrGiLC9TJyKpap016-S_V-j_i7SPWyTy6eRfVPrvMWXvs7qY-kfHJPejw/s1600/firenze3.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSyFCrQIwFre43YdJKx0OGfkpZX1f1znLxD1I_uYAnuYdUOYkZh5-cpAKbClS8xgf3XS0SNVPQYe-1QjrGiLC9TJyKpap016-S_V-j_i7SPWyTy6eRfVPrvMWXvs7qY-kfHJPejw/s320/firenze3.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>O’Brien was
the widow of Paul Roebling, a member of a New Jersey family that had been responsible
for financing and building the Brooklyn
Bridge, which opened in
1883.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When the house was begun in 1925,
O’Brien was married to Colonel Arthur O’Brien.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>She choose architect Russell O. Kluge for its design, and former Army Corps
of Engineers General Richard Marshall as the contractor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Upon its completion in 1927, the house was
coined ‘Estebrook.” </div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Like many
homes of the era, the Tudor styled residence featured rather dark interior
rooms, furnished with Jacobean style furniture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>O’Brien purchased fine paneling and mantels designed by noted architect
Sir Christopher Wren in London,
and had them incorporated into the house during its construction.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The house itself, set among 22 acres, was
constructed of gray fieldstone, quarried on the site, and limestone trim.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A variegated slate roof, green shutters, and
leaded glass windows completed the design.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Several
outbuildings also graced the estate, including a large gatehouse on Broad Branch Road,
garage with servant’s quarters, ninety foot swimming pool, tennis courts, and
an art studio.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was estimated that
over ten thousand trees originally existed on the grounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2WxjxnUTcz_A-F_87Yuxp5PNJH_Gy425qEg5iiijQGELZzfVElAGfdfgEj7WSoTcrfaRXvJddJybjsWuGunxrJXIVXXl5XHsEAWzypQGmoeTKY36qfpFVKNzKi17fjR_9d4tLhA/s1600/firenze2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2WxjxnUTcz_A-F_87Yuxp5PNJH_Gy425qEg5iiijQGELZzfVElAGfdfgEj7WSoTcrfaRXvJddJybjsWuGunxrJXIVXXl5XHsEAWzypQGmoeTKY36qfpFVKNzKi17fjR_9d4tLhA/s400/firenze2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The home’s
interiors reflected a variety of styles, dominated by an enormous three story
grand hall with carved oak beams and stairway.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Following the Great Depression, the property was leased to the Minister
of Hungary until it was sold in 1941.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The buyers that year were Colonel and Mrs. Meyer Robert Guggenheim, who
had been residing on their yacht ‘Firenze’
before it was lent to the government for wartime use.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The renamed their new estate ‘Firenze’ in its honor, a name that has remained to this <span style="color: black;">day. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;">The Guggenheim fortune stemmed from the M.
Guggenheim and Son Mining and Smelting Company in 1925, and later from the Guggenheim
Exploration Company. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He retired from
business in 1929.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
Guggenheim’s changed much of the dark interiors into a lighter shade, by
pickling the oak staircase, for example.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They installed two Waterford chandeliers in the drawing room, and filled
the house with priceless art, including Jacomo Victor’s “Barnyard Scene,” dated
1672, Van Dyck’s “Earl of Arundel,” and Murillo’s “Salvatori Mundi.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They also furnished the mansion with period
American and European furniture of the utmost quality, mostly in Queen Anne and
Hepplewhite styles.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They entertained up
to 600 guests at a time!</div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Unfortunately,
a fire in 1946, destroyed two Titian portraits, and a large amount of original
paneling.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Interior decorator Michael
Rosenaur was hired that year to restore the interiors of the house.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>M. Robert Guggenheim died in 1959, and his
widow later married John A. Logan, and together they resided at the estate
until the mid 1970s.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Since
1976, Firenze House has been owned by the Government of Italy and used as their
Ambassadors residence.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> Its rumored to be valued at nearly $50 million.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Copyright Paul K. Williams </span></span></div>
HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com04400 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20008, USA38.944727 -77.050372638.944679 -77.0504516 38.944775 -77.0502936tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-30748084.post-52093275111168729242017-01-17T18:03:00.000-05:002017-01-17T18:03:21.419-05:00The Mysterious Wrought Iron Gates at 11th and Florida Ave NW Revealed! <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Washingtonians
traveling today along Florida Avenue between 10<sup>th</sup> and 11<sup>th</sup>
Street might take notice of the elaborate stone and wrought iron fence below that
surrounds the entire square, now occupied by an elementary school and high rise
housing project coined <i>Garfield Terrace</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>It was once the site of a large complex known as Garfield Memorial
Hospital, one of many institutions and public building named after the
assassinated President.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>However, even
though it was built as early as 1884, the hospital was not the first structure
on the Square that prompted the elaborate fencing that remains to this
day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsa1Rca3xQSaR4GqninnaoAWBoGE0pIIDPp2OvF5GqDJ_TG1r714RMpU8iU1ZtGm1N2Q2n2VVzRu_OpAndp1e7z6qFw6plt_dTcRnB0gizp-i4PlabQQijDySoNzJxsL0mBt8goQ/s1600/fence.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsa1Rca3xQSaR4GqninnaoAWBoGE0pIIDPp2OvF5GqDJ_TG1r714RMpU8iU1ZtGm1N2Q2n2VVzRu_OpAndp1e7z6qFw6plt_dTcRnB0gizp-i4PlabQQijDySoNzJxsL0mBt8goQ/s320/fence.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>To the
founders of Garfield Hospital, who incorporated the institution on May 18,
1882, it seemed appropriate to name it after President James Garfield, “whose
long and patient suffering from the wounds that caused his death should be
commemorated by a hospital, which, though located in Washington, should possess
a national character” stated Mr. Justice Miller at its inaugural address on May
30, 1884.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Funds for the facility had
been raised by an appeal to the “wives and daughters” of Congressional members,
150 of whom first met at the parlor of the Ebbitt House in the spring of
1882.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
seven-acre site along Florida Avenue between 10<sup>th</sup> and 11<sup>th</sup>
Street, which extended nearly two full blocks to Euclid Street, was purchased
in 1883 for $37,500.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Developer and
patron Henry A. Willard held a $22,000 mortgage on the property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The property apparently contained two
mansions, one of which was the “Schneider mansion,” once the summer home of Dr.
J. C. Hall, and the large “Haw mansion” facing Florida Avenue, which received a
$12,000 addition and alteration to create the first building of Garfield
hospital beginning in late 1883.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its
grand iron fence was also altered to include an arched sign for the new
hospital at its entrance from Florida Avenue near 11<sup>th</sup> Street,
opening to a long winding drive into hospital grounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Unlike
Children’s Hospital, located just two blocks to the west and featured in the
February <i>Scenes of the Past</i>, Garfield Hospital was incorporated to serve
those in need of medical assistance that could not afford other institutions in
the city.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Opening day was staged on May
30, 1884, and largely organized by Mrs. John A. Logan.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The day was recorded as a beautiful balmy
spring day, and the opening and dedication consisted of a series tents set on
the vast lawn for refreshments, supper, and confections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Chinese lanterns hung from trees throughout
the grounds of the former estate while patrons danced in the mansion’s
ballroom.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Incredibly, funding for the
hospital was raised in numerous foreign countries including France, Great
Britain, Japan, India, Brazil, Haiti, China, and Russia, even with King George
from Tonga committing $239.50.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiNRbyeZA9_Jd-yWjg3EzpW97j07g2W4of9vOBvh34KmwQXWQgN6yB8s57otl1Dq1gxOmwqhNUWGOGo2x4qFA6bRfAfKx6JQgWyhd-7pgA-kuVE__nVm1Ydp1Qy0QnodEf0e3jww/s1600/Garfield+Hospital.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="410" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiNRbyeZA9_Jd-yWjg3EzpW97j07g2W4of9vOBvh34KmwQXWQgN6yB8s57otl1Dq1gxOmwqhNUWGOGo2x4qFA6bRfAfKx6JQgWyhd-7pgA-kuVE__nVm1Ydp1Qy0QnodEf0e3jww/s640/Garfield+Hospital.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The first
patient at the Hospital was admitted on June 18, 1884, a female government
clerk, during a time when the resident physician earned just $50 per
month.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Dr. Swan M. Burnett performed the
first surgery at the facility on June 28<sup>th</sup> of that year, on an African
American Civil War veteran.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In all, the
hospital treated 178 patients the first year, 119 of whom received their
medical treatment free of charge.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Soon
after, the hospital began to experience financial strains and over crowding,
prompting Congressional intervention and funding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Meanwhile, the Ladies Aid Association
collected $168.79 in 1885 from a collection box placed near the Garfield
assassination spot in the Baltimore and Potomac Railroad station on Capitol
Hill.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
following two decades witnessed an expansion of the hospital grounds and
buildings under the supervision of architect Appleton P. Clark.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1888, local resident Alexander Graham Bell
donated an ambulance, and an anonymous donor had an ice house built on the
property in 1890.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>All races and ages
were admitted to the hospital throughout its tenure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1889, the average cost per patient per day
was $1.54!</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The number
of buildings steadily increased, as a 100-bed facility was added in 1892, a new
administration building was added in 1894, along with several laboratories, a
caretaker’s cottage, and a Willard memorial fountain.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By 1898, the hospital consisted of six large
buildings worth an estimated $250,000.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A
large annex was added in 1899, and in 1907 the remainder of the Schneider tract
on 11<sup>th</sup> Street was purchased, on which a very large central building
with 78 individual rooms for patients was constructed in 1923 at a time when 96
nurses lived on the property.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In 1924,
the hospital had grown to be able to admit 4,397 patients in that year
alone.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>A huge expansion plan was scraped
due to the efforts of World War two, but the facility was one of the first
hospitals in the city to receive air conditioning, in 1954.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Just four years later, the complex was closed
for good.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Demolition began in November
of 1960, and the site remained vacant for several years until an elementary
school was built along 11<sup>th</sup> Street and a high rise housing building
constructed along Sherman Avenue (10<sup>th</sup> Street) that both remain to
this day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
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<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Copyright Paul K. Williams</span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></div>
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HouseHistoryManhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13457232194291489898noreply@blogger.com11101 Florida Ave NW, Washington, DC 20009, USA38.9207443 -77.02762000000001338.920695800000004 -77.027699000000013 38.9207928 -77.027541000000014